Kuki Tungsten ari ingenzi cyane mu bikorwa byo gucukura peteroli na gaze?

Akamaro ka tungsten (cyane cyane karubide ya tungsten) mu gucukura peteroli gashobora kugereranywa no kuba"amenyo y'inganda"y'igikorwa. Itanga ibikoresho byo gucukura hamwe naubushobozi bwo gukomerezaho, gukora neza, kandi mu buryo bwizewe bwo kumenagura ibuye mu gihe birinda mu bihe bikomeye by’ubutakaIbiuruvange rwiza rw'ubukomere, gukomera, kudahinduka mu bushyuhe bwinshi, no kudahindukabituma iba ibikoresho by’ingenzi mu by’ingenzi kandi ubu bidashobora gusimburwa. Iyi ni yo mpamvu kandi ihindagurika ry’ibiciro bya tungsten bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku nganda zose zicukura peteroli.

Dore isesengura ryimbitse ry'impamvu z'ingenzi:

I. Ingingo y'ingenzi yo gutsinda imikorere ikabije

Gucukura peteroli—cyane cyane mu byobo birebire, mu byobo birebire cyane, mu byobo birebire bya gaze ya shale, no mu byobo bicukura mu mazi—bihura n’ibibazo bitatu bikomeye “bikabije”:

1. Umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe bukabije: Mu bujyakuzimu bwa kilometero nyinshi, ubushyuhe bushobora kurenga 200°C, aho igitutu kigera ku isanzure ry’ikirere amagana.
2. Ubusatsi Bukabije: Uduce tw'imyobo tugomba guca mu miterere ikomeye kandi isharira (urugero: granite, flint, sandstone ya quartz).
3. Kwangirika gukabije: Amavuta yo gucukura ashobora kuba arimo imiti ihumanya, amazi y'umunyu, na gaze ya hydrogen sulfide.

Igisubizo cya Tungsten: Tungsten Carbide Hard Alloy

• Ubukomere budasanzwe no Kudashira: Tungsten carbide ni iya kabiri nyuma ya diyama mu gukomera ariko itanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka no gukomera kurusha diyama. Ibi bituma ikora nk' "amenyo y'inganda," ikomeza guca amabuye mu gihe izunguruka cyane kandi iremereye, kandi ikaba imara igihe kirekire kurusha icyuma gisanzwe incuro mirongo kugeza ku magana.
• Ubushyuhe Bukomeye Cyane: Igumana ubukana bwinshi nubwo haba hari ubushyuhe bwinshi (kugeza kuri ~1000°C), bitandukanye n'ibyuma byinshi byoroha vuba kandi bikananirwa.
• Gukomera neza mu bya shimi: Irwanya ingese ituruka ku mazi acukurwa n'amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka.

II. Ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi mu buryo bwo gucukura

Tungsten (cyane cyane mu buryo bwa tungsten carbide na tungsten alloys) ni ingenzi mu bintu byinshi by'ingenzi mu bikorwa byo gucukura:

1. "Amenyo" n'inkombe z'uduce tw'imashini zicukura:

• Uduce tw'amakoni: “Amenyo” ari muri buri koni akozwe ahanini muri karubide ya tungsten. Ni yo ari yo ayobora mu gukurura no gushwanyagurika kw’amabuye.
• Uduce duto tw'uduce duto: Mu gihe uduce twa PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) dukoresha utumashini dukata diyama mu gukata ahantu hanini,Udukoresho two gukata amenyo y'agatsinsino, amenyo y'agatsinsino, n'ibikoresho byo gushimangira ibintu mu bice bikomeyeakenshi bakoresha tungsten carbide kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika ku mubiri w'igice.
• Uduce twihariye: "Diamond Impregnated Bits" ikoreshwa mu buryo bukomeye cyane irimo uduce twinshi twa tungsten carbide turi muri matrix, ikaba ari ibikoresho byo gukurura no gushyigikira.

1. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi birwanya kwangirika:

• Ibikoresho byo Kumanuka mu Gihe cy'Imbobo: Ubuso bw'inyuma bw'ibikoresho bya MWD/LWD, ibitera imbaraga, n'ibitera imbaraga akenshi biba bikomeye bifite uduce twa tungsten carbide cyangwa bishyizwemo utundi duce twa tungsten carbide kugira ngo birwanye kwangirika gukabije kw'aho amazi anyura.
• Ibice by'imigozi yo gucukura: Imigozi yo kwambara ku miyoboro y'ibikoresho byo gucukura n'imiyoboro iremereye itwikiriwe na karubide ya tungsten kugira ngo igabanye cyane uburyaryate n'ubusaze ku gasanduku, bikingire imiyoboro ihenze.

1. Ibikoresho bipima uburemere bwinshi:

• Aloyi za Tungsten-nickel-icyumabikoreshwa mu gupima ibiro mu bikoresho byo kwandika neza nka MWD/LWD.ubucucike bwinshi (≈18 g/cm³)bifasha mu kubona umubare munini w’abantu mu myanya ifunze, bigatuza neza ibikoresho kandi bigatanga amakuru nyayo.

III. Inyungu zitaziguye—Impamvu “Idasimburwa”

1. Kongera ubushobozi bwo gucukura: Ibice bikomeye kandi bidashira bya tungsten bitumaigipimo cyo hejuru cy’ubwinjirane (ROP)naamashusho maremare kuri buri gice cy'urubyiniro, bigabanya mu buryo butaziguye igihe cyo kubaka iriba.
2. Umutekano n'ubwirinzi by'imikorere byemejwe: Gupfa gutunguranye k'ikintu cyangwa igikoresho cyo mu mazi cya metero ibihumbi bishobora gutuma akazi ko kuroba gahenze cyangwa ndetse no gutakaza icyobo. Kuba ibice bya tungsten byizerwa cyane ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibikorwa bikomeze.
3. Igiciro gito muri rusangeNubwo ibikoresho bya tungsten bihenze, inyungu zabyo—igihe cyo gucika intege kubera impinduka za bit, igipimo cyo gutsindwa gito, n'amashusho menshi yo gucukura—bituma ikiguzi cya buri metero kigabanuka cyane mu gihe cyose cy'ubuzima.
4. Bituma habaho ibikorwa bikomeye: Hatabayeho ibyuma bikomeye bishingiye kuri tungsten, gucukura amariba menshi yo muri iki gihe arengeje metero 5.000 z'ubujyakuzimu (amariba y'uburebure/uburebure) hamwe n'imiterere y'amariba bigoye cyane ntibyashoboka mu rwego rwa tekiniki cyangwa mu bukungu.