Kuki izamuka ry'ibiciro bya tungsten bizazana imbogamizi ku nganda zicukura?

TIbiciro bya ungsten byazamutseho hejuru ya 200%kugeza ubu mu mpera za 2025, igera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu myaka hafi makumyabiri bitewe n’igabanuka rikomeye ry’ibicuruzwa ndetse n’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe.

Tungsten (cyane cyane tungsten carbide) ni ingenzi cyane ku bicukura,ibikoresho byo gusya,Ibikoresho/ibikoresho bidashira, hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gupima uburemere mu gucukura. Izamuka ry'ibiciro ryabyo rikabije ritanga imbogamizi nyinshi:

I. Izamuka rikomeye ry'ibiciro bitaziguye n'igabanuka ry'inyungu rikabije

1. Izamuka rikabije ry'ibiciro byo gukora ibyuma bitobora

• Tungsten carbide ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya tricone drill bits (TCI), PDC drill bit matrices na polycrystalline diamond compact welding layers, bigizwe na15-25%y'igiciro cy'ibikoresho fatizo byose byakoreshejwe mu gucukura uduce duto.
• Ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo by'ingenzi nka tungsten na cobalt byiyongereyeho15-20%ugereranije n'umwaka wa 2022, bigatuma habaho8-10%izamuka ry'ikiguzi cyo gukora uduce twa tricone drill.
• Uduce two gucukura twa PDC two mu bwoko bwa matrix dukoresha ifu nyinshi ya tungsten carbide, kandi izamuka ry'ibiciro rituma ikiguzi cyo gukora matrix cyongera.

1. Izamuka ry'Ikiguzi cy'Ibikorwa byo Gucukura

• Uduce two gucukura ni kimwe mu bintu bikoreshwa cyane mu gucukura, kandi izamuka ry'ibiciro rihita rihabwa amafaranga ya serivisi yo gucukura.
• Mu gucukura ibikoresho bikomeye, igihe cyo gukora cy’uduce twa tungsten carbide ni kinini kurusha igihe cyo gukora uduce dusanzwe tw’icyuma, bigatuma bidashoboka kubisimbuza byoroshye, bityo igitutu cy’ikiguzi kikaba kidashoboka.
• Uretse uduce duto two gucukura, ibiciro by'ibice bya karubide ya tungsten nk'intebe z'imiyoboro yo gucukura, imiyoboro yo gutwika umucanga n'imiyoboro irinda kwangirika nabyo byazamutse icyarimwe, bikongera ikiguzi cyo gukora.

1. Gushyira inyungu ku bigo by'ubucuruzi mu byiciro bibiri

• Izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru riruta izamuka ry'ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hasi, bigatuma ibiciro bitinda.
• Ihiganwa rikomeye ku isoko, cyane cyane mu bigo bito n'ibiciriritse bikora ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, rigabanya umwanya wabyo wo kongera ibiciro, aho bimwe mu bigo bibona inyungu mbumbe yabyo iri munsi y'ibiciro.10%.
• Ibihangange mpuzamahanga nka Sandvik byatangaje ko ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byazamutseho 22%, ariko ntibyashoboye kwishyura neza izamuka ry’ibiciro, bituma ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse birushaho kugorana.

II. Imbogamizi ku mutekano n'umutekano w'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho

1. Gukomeza kugenzura umutungo mu ngamba byongera ibura ry'ibikoresho

• Tungsten yashyizwe mu "rutonde rw'ibyuma by'ingenzi by'ingenzi" n'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubuyapani n'utundi turere, bituma habaho kugenzura cyane ibyoherezwa mu mahanga no gusuzuma ibijyanye n'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa.
• Nk’igihugu kinini ku isi gitanga umutungo wa tungsten (kigize arenga 80% by’umutungo wabugenewe ku isi), Ubushinwa bwashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Gashyantare 2025, busaba “uruhushya rumwe kuri buri kintu cyose” ku byuma 25 bidasanzwe birimo na ammonium paratungstate.
• Izamuka ryihuta ry’ibikenewe bivuye mu nganda zikora cyane n’inzego nshya z’ingufu (nk’insinga za tungsten zikoresha amashanyarazi n’ingufu za kirimbuzi) byongereye ipiganwa ry’umutungo muke mu nganda zikora ubucukuzi.

1. Kudahuza kw'ibicuruzwa n'ibikenewe bitera ihindagurika ry'ibiciro

• Biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cy’ingufu za tungsten ku isi kizarenga toni 130.000 mu 2025, ubwiyongere bwa hafi 6% ugereranyije n’umwaka, mu gihe ukwiyongera kw’ibicuruzwa bigikomeje kuba kuke.
• Igipimo cy'umutungo w'amabuye ya tungsten yo mu gihugu cyaragabanutse, aho igipimo cy'impuzandengo cy'amabuye y'agaciro yagabanutse kuva kuri 0.42% mu 2024 kigera kuri 0.28%, bituma ikiguzi cy'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro cyiyongera.
• Politiki zikaze zo kurengera ibidukikije zabujije ubucukuzi bw'amabuye ya tungsten gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, birushaho kugabanya uruhande rw'amazi atangwa.

1. Ingaruka zo kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa ku bigo bito n'ibiciriritse

• Hafi 30% by'ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse by'ibikoresho by'i Burayi byahatiwe guhagarika kwakira ibicuruzwa bitewe n'ibura ry'ibikoresho cyangwa ibiciro biri hejuru.
• Ibigo bikora ubucukuzi bishobora guhura n’ibibazo byo gutinda gutanga ibikoresho by’ingenzi nk’uduce duto two gucukura, bigagira ingaruka ku iterambere ry’umushinga ndetse n’imikorere y’amasezerano.

III. Igitutu cyiyongera ku guhitamo ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya

1. Imbogamizi mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere ku bijyanye no gusimbuza ibikoresho

• Karubide ya Tungsten ifite inyungu zikomeye mu mikorere yayo mu kirere gifite umuvuduko mwinshi, impanuka nyinshi n'aho umucanga ukwirakwira, bigatuma bigorana kubona indi isimbura iyo mu gihe gito.
• Guteza imbere ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi bihendutse cyangwa ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga bisaba ishoramari rinini mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere n'igihe cyo kubigenzura.
• Karubide ya tungsten ifite imiterere ihebuje itanga imikorere myiza kurusha karubide ya tungsten ifite imiterere ingana n'iy'inguni ariko ihenda inshuro 3-4, bigatuma guhitamo tekiniki mu kibazo hagati y' "ikiguzi n'imikorere".

1. Igitutu cyo kunoza imikorere no kunoza imikorere

• Ibigo byahatiwe kongera imbaraga mu kunoza imikorere, nko kuvugurura imiterere y'icyuma cy'uduce duto two gucukura twa PDC kugira ngo bigabanye ikoreshwa ry'ifu ya tungsten carbide (uburyo bushya bushobora kugabanya ikiguzi ho 54%).
• Mu kunoza igipimo cy’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho fatizo, ibigo bikomeye byongereye igipimo cy’ikoreshwa ryabyo kuva kuri 85% kugera kuri 92%.
• Gusubiramo no kongera gukoresha utumashini two gucukura imyanda byabaye ingenzi, kandi igipimo cy'ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa kigomba kongerwa kikagera ku kigero kirenga 25% kugira ngo bigabanye neza igitutu cy'ibiciro.

1. Ingaruka zo Guhindura Inzira za Tekiniki

• Hari ibigo bishobora guhindura uburyo buhendutse nko gucukura amenyo hakoreshejwe icyuma, ariko ubushobozi bwabyo buke n'igihe gito cyo kuyikoresha mu buryo bukomeye bizongera ikiguzi rusange.
• Imishinga yo gucukura igezweho (nk'amariba yo mu nyanja nini n'ayo mu bushyuhe bwinshi) ishingiye cyane ku mikorere ya karubide ya tungsten, bigatuma habaho impinduka nke mu bya tekiniki bigatuma habaho igihombo kinini.

IV. Ihiganwa ry'isoko n'ivugurura ry'imiterere y'inganda

1. Kwiyongera k'ubwitabire mu nganda

• Ibigo binini bifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ingaruka z’izamuka ry’ibiciro bitewe n’ubukungu bwabyo, inyungu zabyo mu ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kugenzura uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa.
• Ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bishobora gusenyuka cyangwa kugurwa bitewe n'ubushobozi buke bwo kugenzura ibiciro n'uburyo buke bwo gutanga inguzanyo.
• Urusobe rw'ibikoresho bya tungsten carbide ku isi ruri kwibanda ku bigo bikomeye, birushaho kongera itandukaniro ry'inganda.

1. Irushanwa Mpuzamahanga Rikomeye

• Igenzura ry’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa ryahinduye imiterere y’itangwa rya karuboni ya tungsten ku isi, rishyira ibigo by’i Burayi n’Amerika mu bibazo bibiri by’ibura ry’ibicuruzwa n’izamuka ry’ibiciro.
• Ibigo byo mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere bishobora kunguka isoko ryinshi bitewe n'inyungu ku giciro, bigahindura imiterere y'isoko ry'ibikoresho byo gucukura ku isi.
• Politiki y'imisoro n'imbogamizi mu bucuruzi byarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi, byongera ibiciro n'ibibazo by'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.

1. Impinduka mu byifuzo by'abakiriya

• Ibigo bitanga peteroli bishobora kugabanya ingengo y'imari y'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere, gutinza cyangwa gusesa imishinga mishya, no kugabanya icyifuzo cya serivisi zo gucukura.
• Abakiriya bakunda guhitamo uburyo bwo gucukura buhendutse kandi bagashyiraho ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo ibyuma bicukurwa bibe bimara igihe kinini kandi bikore neza.
• Ingingo zo kuvugurura ibiciro mu masezerano y'igihe kirekire zabaye intego nyamukuru y'ibiganiro, byongera ikiguzi n'ibyago byo gutumanaho mu bucuruzi.