Ni iki ugomba kwitaho mu mikorere y'uburobyi bwo kuroba hakoreshejwe imiyoboro yangiritse?

Mu nganda za peteroli na gaze, kuroba imiyoboro yangiritse ni akazi gakomeye ariko katoroshye. Kubera ko imiyoboro ikunze kugwamo ingese bitewe n’ibintu nk’ibidukikije bikomeye byo hasi, ingaruka z’ibinyabutabire hamwe n’amazi, n’imikorere y’amashanyarazi, imiterere yayo iragabanuka, bigatuma icika kandi ikagwa mu mwobo. Mu gihe cyo gukora ibikorwa byo kuroba imiyoboro yangiritse, ibintu bikurikira bisaba kwitabwaho by’umwihariko:

1. Isuzuma ry'imiterere y'aho umuntu anyura mu mwobo

 Mbere y'igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose cyo kuroba, gusobanukirwa neza imiterere y'aho amazi agwa ni ngombwa. Ibi birimo kumenya neza aho amazi agwa n'ingano y'aho amazi agwa, imiterere n'imiterere y'amafi (aho amazi agwa), n'impamvu yayafashe. Uburyo buhanitse bwo gutema ibiti nka ultrasound imaging na magnetic resonance imaging bushobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo haboneke amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye n'aho amazi agwa. Urugero, muri Tahe Oilfield, bitewe n'imiterere y'aho amazi agwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, n'amazi yangiza, isuzuma ryimbitse mbere yo gukora ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho gahunda nziza yo kuroba. Kudasobanukirwa neza cyangwa kudahagije imiterere y'aho amazi agwa n'aho amazi agwa bishobora gutuma hatoranywa ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo kuroba budakwiye, bigatuma akazi karushaho kuba kagoye.

2. BirakwiyeIgikoresho cyo kurobaGuhitamo

Bitewe n'ubudahangarwa bw'imiyoboro yangiritse, guhitamo ibikoresho byo kuroba ni ingenzi cyane. Ibikoresho bikaze cyane bishobora kwangiza imiyoboro yamaze kugabanuka. Urugero, iyo urukuta rw'imiyoboro rwagabanutse cyane kubera ingese, gukoresha igikoresho gifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gufata bishobora gutuma imiyoboro icikamo ibice byinshi byoroshye. Ahubwo, ibikoresho bifite uburyo bwo gufata buhoro, nk'amacumu yo kuroba ashobora gukurwamo afite uduce duto two kuroba cyangwa amacupa yo kuroba afite ubuso bufata bwa rubber, birakwiriye cyane. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe iyo amafi afite imiterere idahwitse, ibikoresho byo kuroba byihariye bishobora gukenerwa. Urugero, ku miyoboro ifite ubuso butari bwiza bwo kuvunika, uruvange rwaigikoresho cyo gusyaGukata aho imvune yacitse n'igikoresho gikwiye cyo gufata kugira ngo gikoreshwe nyuma bishobora kuba ngombwa

3. Igenzura ry'ibipimo by'imikorere ikomeye

Mu gihe cyo kuroba, kugenzura neza ibipimo by'imikorere ni ingenzi cyane. Ibi bikubiyemo ibintu bigenzura nk'uburemere kuri bit (WOB), umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka, n'imbaraga zo gukurura. WOB igomba kubikwa ku rwego rwo hasi, ubusanzwe itarenze 5 kN, kugira ngo wirinde kurenza umuyoboro wangiritse no gutuma ucika. Umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka ugomba kandi kuba muto, ubusanzwe uri munsi ya 30 r/min, kugira ngo hirindwe ko imbaraga nyinshi zangiza umuyoboro. Byongeye kandi, iyo ukoresheje imbaraga zo gukurura kugira ngo ugarure amafi, bigomba gukorwa buhoro buhoro kandi witonze. Gukurura bitunguranye cyangwa bikabije bishobora gutuma umuyoboro ucika cyangwa gukurwa mu gikoresho. Ku bijyanye n'iriba rya SZ 36 - 1A muri Bohai Oilfield, kugenzura neza ibi bipimo byari ingenzi kugira ngo imiyoboro yangiritse kandi ipfundikiye ikoreshwe neza.

4. Gukurikirana igihe nyacyo no guhuza n'imimerere

Gukurikirana ibikorwa by’uburobyi mu buryo buhoraho ni ngombwa. Gukurikirana ibipimo nka torque y’ibikoresho, imbaraga zo gukurura, n’imiterere y’amazi yo mu miyoboro y’amazi bishobora gutanga ibitekerezo byihuse ku iterambere ry’ibikorwa. Impinduka zidasanzwe muri ibi bipimo, nko kugabanuka gutunguranye kw’imbaraga zo gukurura (bigaragaza ko imiyoboro ishobora kwangirika) cyangwa kwiyongera gukabije kw’imbaraga (bigaragaza ko igikoresho cyacitse cyangwa imiyoboro ihambiriye), bigomba gutuma igikorwa gihagarara ako kanya. Muri iki gihe, ibintu bigomba gusuzumwa, kandi hagakorwa impinduka zikwiye kuri gahunda y’uburobyi, nko guhindura igikoresho cyangwa guhindura ibipimo by’imikorere. Urugero, niba igenzura rigaragaza ko torque irimo kwiyongera buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy’uburobyi, bishobora kuba ngombwa kugabanya umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka cyangwa guhindura gato aho igikoresho giherereye kugira ngo hirindwe ko cyafatirwa.

5. Kwirinda ibyangiritse bya kabiri

Kwirinda kwangirika kw'inkombe n'imiyoboro isigaye ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Mu gihe cyo kuroba, hagomba kwitonderwa ko hatabaho gushwanyaguza cyangwa kwangiza agasanduku mu gihe cyo gukuramo imiyoboro yangiritse. Gukoresha ibikoresho bifite uburyo bwo kuyobora no kurinda, nk'ibikoresho bifasha mu kuroba, bishobora gufasha kwemeza ko igikoresho cyo kuroba kigenda neza mu gasanduku kidahuye n'agasanduku. Byongeye kandi, mu gihe usya cyangwa ukata imiyoboro yangiritse (niba bikenewe), hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo gukumira imyanda kuziba agasanduku cyangwa kwangiza ibindi bikoresho byo hasi. Ibi bishobora gusaba gukoresha amazi akwiye yo gusukura agasanduku no kugenzura ko amazi atembera neza kugira ngo atware imyanda.

6. Gucunga amazi meza

Amazi yo mu mwobo afite uruhare runini mu mikorere y’uburobyi. Ntabwo afasha gusa mu gukonjesha no gusiga amavuta ibikoresho byo kuroba, ahubwo anagira ingaruka ku buziranenge bw’imiyoboro yangiritse n’umuyoboro w’amazi. Hari igihe amazi yo mu mwobo ashobora gukenera guhindurwa cyangwa kuvurwa. Urugero, niba amazi arimo ibintu byangiza bishobora kwangiza imiyoboro isigaye cyangwa ibikoresho byo kuroba, hashobora kongerwamo imiti igabanya ingese. Mu bihe hari ingano nini cyangwa imyanda mu mwobo w’amazi, hashobora gukenerwa amazi yo gusukura meza cyangwa amazi afite ubushobozi bwo gutwara kugira ngo akureho neza imyanda no gutuma imiyoboro y’amazi ikora neza. Mu gihe cyo kuroba imiyoboro yangiritse mu byobo bimwe na bimwe, amazi yo mu mwobo yahinduwe ku gihe, byatumye imikorere irushaho kuba myiza kandi bigabanya ibyago byo gufata igikoresho.

Mu gusoza, ibikorwa byo kuroba mu miyoboro yangiritse bisaba ubuhanga bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu bya tekiniki, igenamigambi ryitondewe, no gushyira mu bikorwa neza. Mu kwita kuri ibi bintu by'ingenzi, igipimo cy'intsinzi mu bikorwa byo kuroba gishobora kunozwa cyane, bigabanye ingaruka ku musaruro wa peteroli na gaze kandi bigabanye igihombo gishobora kubaho mu bukungu.

Twandikire: May Ye

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