Ibikoresho icumi by'ingenzi byo kurangiza amariba

Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo mu mazi bikunze gukoreshwa mu kurangiza no gukora peteroli mu nyanja harimo: Packer, SSSV, Sliding Sleev, (Nipple), Side Pocket Mandrel, Seating Nipple, Flow Coupling, Blast joint, Test Valve, Drain Valve, Mandrel, Plug, nibindi.

1. Abapakira

Ipaki ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi cyane mu gukora, kandi imirimo yacyo y'ingenzi ni iyi ikurikira:

Gutandukanya ibice by'umusaruro kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi n'umuvuduko bivangwa n'ibindi bice;

Gutandukanya amazi yica n'amazi akora;

Uzuza ibisabwa bitandukanye mu gutunganya peteroli (gaze) no gukora imirimo yo kuyitunganya;

Bika amazi yo gupakira mu gipfundikizo cy'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo urinde igipfundikizo kandi urebe ko gikorwa neza.

Udupaki dukoreshwa mu kurangiza lisansi (gaze) mu mazi dushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: dushobora kugaruzwa n'igihe cyose, kandi hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gushyiraho, dushobora kugabanywamo imiterere ya hydraulic, imiterere ya mechanical n'imiterere ya insinga. Udupaki dushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwinshi, kandi hagakorwa amahitamo akwiye hakurikijwe ibyo umusaruro ukeneye. Ibice by'ingenzi by'agapaki ni udupaki n'urusenda, kandi amwe mu mapaki nta dupaki afite (udupaki tw'amazi afunguye). Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw'udupaki, inshingano nyamukuru ikaba ari ugushyigikira hagati y'udupaki n'agasanduku no gufunga hagati y'udupaki n'agasanduku kugira ngo hafungwe ahantu runaka.

2. Valve y'umutekano yo mu mwobo wo hasi

Valve yo mu mwobo utekanye ni igikoresho cyo kugenzura amazi atembera mu mwobo mu buryo budasanzwe, nko gutwika ahantu hakorerwa peteroli mu nyanja, guturika kw'imiyoboro, guturika kw'amazi, kunyura mu mwobo utekanye bitewe n'umutingito, n'ibindi, kugira ngo valve yo mu mwobo utekanye ishobore gufungwa mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo amazi atembera mu mwobo.

1) Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'amavali y'umutekano:

• Valve y'umutekano ikoreshwa mu gukuramo insinga z'icyuma
• Valve y'umutekano igendanwa y'umuyoboro w'amavuta
• Valve y'umutekano yo mu gisenge cy'inyuma. Valve y'umutekano ikoreshwa cyane ni valve y'umutekano igendanwa yo mu muyoboro

2) Ihame ry'ibikorwa

Iyo amavuta ya hydraulic ashyizwe mu butaka, yoherezwa mu mwobo ujyana umuvuduko kuri piston binyuze mu muyoboro ugenzura umuvuduko wa hydraulic, agasunika piston hasi agakandagira isoko, hanyuma valve yo ku ruhande irafungurwa. Iyo umuvuduko ugenzura umuvuduko wa hydraulic ukomeje, valve y'umutekano iba iri mu mwanya ufunguye; kurekura Umuvuduko w'umurongo ugenzura umuvuduko wa hydraulic usunikwa hejuru n'umuvuduko wa hydraulic kugira ngo piston izamurwe hejuru, kandi plate ya valve iba iri mu mwanya ufunze.

3. Agakoresho ko kuzunguruka

1) Agakoresho gahurizwamo gashobora gufunga cyangwa guhuza isano iri hagati y'umugozi w'umusaruro n'umwanya uzunguruka binyuze mu bufatanye hagati y'agakoresho k'imbere n'inyuma. Imirimo yako y'ingenzi ni iyi ikurikira:

• Gutera guturika nyuma yo kurangiza iriba;
• Kuzenguruka kw'amaraso bica;
• Kuzamura lisansi
• Pompe y'indege yicara
• Amariba afite ibyiciro byinshi ashobora gukoreshwa mu gukora ibintu bitandukanye, gupima ibintu mu byiciro, guteramo ibintu mu byiciro, nibindi;
• Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro avanze mu byiciro byinshi;
• Shyira icyuma mu mwobo kugira ngo uzibe uwo mwobo cyangwa ugerageze umuvuduko w'umuyoboro;
• Ikoreshwa mu kurwanya ingese, n'ibindi.

2) Ihame ry'imikorere

Agakoresho ko gupfunyika gafunga cyangwa gahuza inzira iri hagati y'umuyoboro w'amavuta n'umwanya w'inyuma binyuze mu kwimura agakoresho k'imbere. Iyo umuyoboro w'agakoresho k'imbere ureba inzira y'agakoresho ko gupfunyika, inzira yo gupfunyika iba ifunguye. Iyo byombi bihujwe, agakoresho ko gupfunyika karafungwa. Hari silinda ikora ku gice cyo hejuru cy'agakoresho ko gupfunyika, ikoreshwa mu gukosora igikoresho cyo kugenzura amazi amanuka kijyanye n'agakoresho ko gupfunyika. Hari igice cyo hejuru n'icyo hasi cy'agakoresho ko gupfunyika, gishobora gukorana no gupfunyika igikoresho cyo gupfunyika kugira ngo gifungwe. Huza igikoresho cyo gupfunyika icyuma cyo gupfunyika munsi y'umugozi w'igikoresho cy'ibanze, hanyuma ukore insinga z'icyuma. Agakoresho ko gupfunyika gashobora gucanwa no kuzimwa. Bimwe muri byo bigomba gupfunyika hasi kugira ngo bimure agakoresho kugira ngo bifungure agakoresho ko gupfunyika, mu gihe ibindi bigomba gupfunyika hejuru kugira ngo bitume imbere. Agakoresho kazamuka kugira ngo gafungure agakoresho ko gupfunyika.

4. Ingono

1) Gushyira mu byiciro no gukoresha inshinge zikora

Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'amabere:

(1) Dukurikije uburyo bwo gushyiramo: hari ubwoko butatu: selictivity, Top NO-GO na Bottom NO-GO, nk'uko bigaragara ku mashusho a, b, na c.

Ama-mandrel amwe ashobora kugira ubwoko bw’ihitamo n’aho hejuru hahagarara (nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya b). Icyo bita ubwoko bw’ihitamo bivuze ko umurambararo w’imbere wa mandrel udafite igice cyo kugabanya umurambararo, kandi ingano imwe y’igikoresho cyo kwicaraho ishobora kuyinyuramo, bityo ama-mandrel menshi angana ashobora kumanurwa mu mugozi umwe w’umuyoboro, kandi aho hejuru hahagarara bivuze ko umurambararo w’imbere wa mandrel ufunze ari. Hejuru y’aho hahagarara hafite intambwe igenda ku gice cyo hasi hahagarara hahagarara hahagarara hejuru, mu gihe igice cyo hasi hahagarara hahagarara hahagarara hahagarara, igice cyo gufunga ntigishobora kunyuramo, kandi aho hasi hahagarara hashyirwa hasi h’umugozi umwe w’umuyoboro. Nk’igikoresho cyo kumanika ibikoresho no kwirinda ko imigozi y’ibikoresho by’insinga igwa mu gice cyo hasi cy’iriba.

(2) Dukurikije umuvuduko w'akazi: hari umuvuduko usanzwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi, uwa mbere ukoreshwa ku mariba asanzwe, naho uwa kabiri ukoreshwa ku mariba ya peteroli na gazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi.

Gukoresha inshinge:

• Icara mu cyumba cyo gukiniramo.
• Icara mu butaka kugira ngo ugenzure neza valve y'umutekano.
• Icara mu gice cyo kugenzura.

Koresha igikoresho cyo gufasha umuntu gucika intege (umunwa wo gufunga) kugira ngo ugabanye umuvuduko w'umutwe w'amazi.

• Fatanya n'ingono zisekuye, shyiramo agakoresho ko gutandukanya cyangwa agapfunyika k'imbwa, sana umuyoboro w'amavuta wangiritse cyangwa umuyoboro wagutse hafi y'urwego rw'amavuta.
• Icara umanike ibikoresho byo gupimisha mu mwobo.
• Bishobora kubuza umugozi w'igikoresho kugwa mu nsi y'icyobo mu gihe cy'ikoreshwa ry'insinga.

5. Mandrel yo mu mufuka wo ku ruhande

1) Imiterere y'imikorere

Umugozi wo mu mufuka wo ku ruhande ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi byo kurangiza iriba. Uhuzwa n'udupira dutandukanye two kuzamura gazi kugira ngo ukoreshe uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzamura gazi, ukoreshe imiyoboro y'amazi y'ingano zitandukanye, kandi ukoreshe inshinge z'amazi. Imiterere yawo igaragara ku ishusho, igizwe n'ibice bibiri, umuyoboro w'ibanze n'umugozi udasanzwe, ingano y'umuyoboro w'ibanze ni imwe n'iy'umuyoboro w'amavuta, igice cyo hejuru gifite agakoresho ko gushyiramo, kandi umugozi udasanzwe ufite umutwe ugaragaza ibikoresho, umuyoboro ufunga, umugozi wo gufunga n'umwobo wo hanze w'itumanaho.

2) Ibiranga Mandrel yo mu mufuka wo ku ruhande:

Gushyiramo: Kora ubwoko bwose bw'ibikoresho byo hasi mu mwobo udasanzwe kandi ubyinjize neza mu mwobo udasanzwe.

Kumenyekana: Ibikoresho byo mu mwobo utoshye bifite ingano ikwiye bishyirwa mu mwobo utoshye mu buryo budasanzwe, mu gihe ibindi bikoresho binini binyura mu muyoboro w'ibanze.

Igitutu kinini cy'ikizamini kiremewe.

2) Akamaro ka Side Pocket Mandrel: kuzamura gaze, gutera imiti, gutera amazi, kwica imiyoboro y'amaraso, n'ibindi.

6. Gufunga

Iyo nta valvu yo mu mazi ihari cyangwa valvu yo mu mazi iracika, insinga y'icyuma irakora, hanyuma agakoresho gafite ingano ingana kakamanurwa mu cyuma gikoreramo kugira ngo gafunge iriba. Gupima umuvuduko w'imiyoboro y'amazi no gushyiraho hydraulic packers mu gihe cyo kurangiza iriba cyangwa gukora kuri ryo.

7. Valve yo kuzamura gazi

Valve yo kuzamura gazi imanuka mu cylindri ikora mu buryo budasanzwe, ishobora gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kuzamura gazi, nko kuzamura gazi mu buryo buhoraho cyangwa kuzamura gazi mu buryo butunguranye.

8. Guhuza amazi n'amazi

Umuyoboro w'amazi mu by'ukuri ni umuyoboro wuzuye, ufite umurambararo w'imbere nk'uw'umuyoboro w'amavuta, ariko umurambararo w'inyuma ni munini gato, kandi ukunze gukoreshwa ku mpera zo hejuru n'izo hasi z'umuyoboro w'umutekano. Ku mariba y'amavuta na gazi atanga umusaruro mwinshi, amariba y'amavuta afite umusaruro rusange ashobora guhitamo kuyakoresha cyangwa kuyareka. Iyo gazi ya gazi itanga umusaruro mwinshi inyura muri uwo muyoboro w'umutekano, itera gucika intege bitewe no kugabanuka k'umurambararo, bigatuma amazi ashyuha cyane ndetse no kwangirika kw'imiyoboro yayo yo hejuru n'iyo hasi.

9. Valve yo gukurura amavuta

Valve yo gusohora amavuta muri rusange ishyirwa ku miyoboro ya peteroli 1-2 hejuru y'agasanduku ko kugenzura. Ni aho amazi asohoka mu muyoboro wa peteroli anyura iyo imashini igenzura ipompo izamuwe, kugira ngo igabanye umutwaro w'icyuma gikoreshwa mu gukora no gukumira amazi yo mu iriba kwanduza urwego rw'imbuga n'ibidukikije. Ubu hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa valve zo gusohora amavuta: icyuma gitera inkoni n'icyuma gitera amashanyarazi. Iya mbere ikwiriye cyane ku mariba y'amavuta magufi n'ay'amavuta manini afite amazi menshi; iya nyuma ikoreshwa ku mariba y'amavuta manini afite amazi make kandi ifite igipimo cyo gutsinda kinini.

10. Igikoresho cyo gukata imiyoboro

1) Intego: Ikoreshwa mu gukuraho sima, icyuma cya sima, ishashi ikomeye, umunyu cyangwa ibisigazwa bitandukanye, utubuto two gutobora na okiside y'icyuma n'indi myanda isigaye ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'igisenge, no kugera ku bikoresho bitandukanye byo hasi. Cyane cyane iyo umwanya uri hagati y'igikoresho cyo hasi n'umurambararo w'imbere w'igisenge ari muto, intambwe ikurikira yo kubaka igomba gukorwa nyuma yo gusya bihagije.

2) Imiterere: Igizwe n'umubiri, icyuma, icyuma gihamye, icyuma gikanda n'ibindi bice.

3) Ihame ry'imikorere: mbere yo kwinjira mu mwobo, ingano ntarengwa y'igice kinini cy'icyuma gisya ni nini kuruta umurambararo w'imbere w'icyuma gisya. Nyuma yo kwinjira mu mwobo, icyuma gishyirwa hasi ku isoko, kandi isoko ritanga imbaraga zo kugaburira. Iyo usya ibikoresho bikomeye, bisaba uduce twinshi two gusya kugira ngo usya umurambararo w'imbere w'icyuma gisya. Igisya gihuzwa n'inkombe yo hasi y'umugozi w'umuyoboro umanuka, kandi kugenda hejuru no hasi kw'umugozi w'umuyoboro ni umuyoboro uhuza uruziga mu gihe cyo kumanika hasi.

Bigaragara mu miterere y'icyuma ko buri cyuma gifata impande ebyiri zigize ishusho y'uruziga imbere n'inyuma. Ingaruka zo gusya. Ibyuma bifite ishusho y'umurongo bikwirakwizwa ku buso bw'icyuma gifata impande hakurikijwe umurongo w'ibumoso, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro ku cyondo cyo hejuru gisubiza inyuma mu gukuraho imyanda yakuweho.