Ubumenyi bwa Peteroli: Kuki gucukura amariba maremare cyane bigoye?

Ikibazo cya 1: Imiterere y'ibitutu igoye mu byuzi birebire cyane Imiterere y'imiterere y'ibiziba igoye

Amariba y’ubujyakuzimu bwinshi yinjira mu miterere myinshi ya geologiya, agahura n’uburyo bugoye cyane kandi buvanze bw’imirongo. Uduce dufite umuvuduko mwinshi n’udufite umuvuduko muto birasimburana, bigatera ingorane zikunze kubaho kandi zihurirana nko gusenyuka kw’imiterere, imiyoboro yafatiwe, kubura inzira z’amazi, no gutereka imitsi. Hari ikibazo gito cy’amakuru yo gucukura imiterere y’imirongo miremire cyane, kandi amakuru aboneka yo gupima umuvuduko w’imirongo n’ayo kwandika ku birebana no guhanura umuvuduko w’imirongo ni make kandi nta bwiza. Kubura amakuru yizewe, hamwe n’imbogamizi zo kwishingikiriza gusa ku igenzura ry’umuvuduko mu gihe cyo gucukura, bitera ingorane zikomeye no kudakora neza mu guhanura umuvuduko w’imirongo. Ibi bitera amakosa akomeye mu isuzuma ry’imiterere, imiterere idahwitse y’ubujyakuzimu bw’imirongo n’ubucukuzi bw’amazi, n’ibibazo bikomeye byo kudakomera kw’imirongo. Ikoranabuhanga ririho ubu ntirishobora guhanura neza ibipimo by’ingenzi nk’umuvuduko w’imirongo n’imiterere y’amabuye, bigatera ubwizere bwinshi kandi bigatuma gucunga ibyago byo mu mwobo bigorana cyane. Hashingiwe ku bikenewe mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere, aho gushimangira cyane imirongo bishobora kuba ngombwa, igishushanyo mbonera cy’imirongo igomba gushyiramo igice kimwe cyangwa bibiri byo gupfunyika kugira ngo hamenyekane neza uduce dushobora gutera ibyago, bikongera cyane ikiguzi kijyanye na byo.

Ikibazo cya 2: Uburemere bwinshi bw'imiyoboro mu byuzi birebire cyane bibangamira imikorere y'ibisanduku mu mutekano

Gucukura mu buryo bwimbitse cyane bishobora guhura n’imiterere nk’amabuye y’umukungugu n’ibice by’umunyu-gypsum bifite umuvuduko mwinshi, bigatera ibyago byo kwangirika k’urukuta, gusenyuka no gucika. Izi ngaruka akenshi zigabanuka binyuze mu kongera ubugari bw’inkuta z’imigozi. Mu gihe cy’ibice birebire cyane byo gusima, ibibazo by’uburebure n’uburemere bukabije bw’imigozi biragaragara. By’umwihariko, uburemere bw’umugozi bushobora kurenga umupaka ntarengwa w’umutwaro w’insinga wa metero 12.000 (toni 900, bingana n’uburemere bw’inzovu 150 kugeza 180 zo muri Afurika zikuze). Ubushobozi bwo kuzamura imigozi busanzwe ntibuhagije kugira ngo buhagarike imigozi iremereye nk’iyo mu buryo busanzwe, tutibagiwe no guhangana n’ibikorwa byo kugwa mu gihe cy’ibibazo cyangwa kubahiriza urwego rw’umutekano rukenewe kugira ngo umuntu akore neza.

Metero 15,240:Mu Ukwakira 2022, ADNOC yashyizeho agahigo gashya ku isi ku iriba rinini cyane hamwe n’iriba ryayo rya UZ-688 ritambitse mu murima wa Upper Zakum, rigera ku bujyakuzimu bwose (ubujyakuzimu bupimwe) bwa metero 15,240.

Ikibazo cya 3: Imiterere ikomeye kandi igoye mu byuzi birebire cyane bibuza gucukura amabuye neza no kwihutisha gucukura muri rusange

Imiterere y’imyobo iri mu byuzi by’ubujyakuzimu buhanitse ni ingorabahizi, irakomeye cyane, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gucukura buke. Uburyo buriho bwo gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo gucukura burahagije kandi ntibufite ubuziranenge bwo guhanura, cyane cyane mu duce dushya two gushakisha, bibangamira cyane imiterere ya siyansi n’uburyo bwo gutoranya ibyuma bicukura. Urwego rw’ibikoresho byo gucukura n’umuvuduko wo kwinjira (ROP) ubu ni ruto, hamwe n’imbogamizi ku buryo bwo guhuza no kwizerwa. Ingufu zabyo ni mbi, kandi igihe cyo kuzikoresha ni gito mu byuzi bigoye mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko mwinshi (HTHP). Hakenewe byihutirwa gushakisha ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gusenya amabuye neza mu byuzi byimbitse kandi by’ubujyakuzimu buhanitse. Kohereza ingufu za hydraulic na mashini biragoye mu bice birebire cyane, hamwe n’igihombo gikomeye cy’umuvuduko ku mugozi w’icyuma, bigatuma ingufu zidahagije ku cyuma kandi bigatuma gusenya amabuye bigorana.

Ikibazo cya 4: Kubungabunga imikorere y'amazi yo gucukura no guhagarara neza mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ry'amazi mu buryo bukabije

Gucukura mu buryo bwimbitse cyane bihura n'ubushyuhe burenze 200°C, bisaba ko amazi yo gucukura agira ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubucucike bwinshi, kwihanganira umunyu, no kugumana ubusugire bw'igihe kirekire. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora gutuma ibikoresho binanirwa, umuvuduko mwinshi utuma kugenzura imikorere y'imitsi bigorana, umunyu mwinshi urushaho kwiyongera, kandi gukora igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma ibikoresho biremereye bigabanuka. Uruvange rw'ibi bintu bine bisaba imikorere rugaragaza imbogamizi zikomeye kandi zidashobora gukemurwa. Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga rihari ntirishobora gukemura neza ibibazo nko gukonjesha bitewe no gushyuha iyo imiterere ishyushye cyane ihuye n'amazi yo gucukura akonje cyane, cyangwa kudakomera kw'amazi bitewe n'impinduka mu mikorere y'amazi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bukabije.

Ikibazo cya 5: Imikorere idahagije ya sima n'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye nayo mu gihe cy'ingufu nyinshi n'imivuduko ikomeye

Ibintu birimo ubujyakuzimu bukabije, ubushyuhe bwinshi, ibice birebire byo gusima, hamwe n’uburyo bugoye bwo gukaza umuvuduko bishyiraho ibisabwa byinshi ku miterere y’urutare rwa sima, harimo kudahindagurika kw’uruvange rw’amazi, rheology, kugenzura imyimukira ya gaze, no gushyiraho imbaraga za sima. Ibikoresho by’ingenzi nk’ibikoresho bigenzura ibura ry’amazi n’ibisubizo bishobora kwangirika cyangwa bigatera ingaruka mbi mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane, bigatera kwangirika k’imikorere ndetse n’ingaruka zikomeye zishobora guterwa n’umwobo wo hasi. Ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane bushyiraho kandi ibisabwa bikomeye ku bijyanye n’uburyo bwo kongeramo ibintu n’ibikoresho bibuza imbaraga za sima gusubira inyuma.

Metero 9,396:Mu 2023, ikigega cya Guole 3C cya Tarim Oilfield cyashyizeho agahigo ko kuba gifite ubujyakuzimu buri hasi cyane muri Aziya (ubujyakuzimu bupimwe).

Ikibazo cya 6: Imiterere ya HTHP irenze urugero rw'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi bidashobora kwihanganira

Amariba y’ubujyakuzimu bukabije ahura n’imimerere ikabije y’ibice bito bito bito birenza 200°C n’umuvuduko urenze 175 MPa (bingana n’umuvuduko w’amazi kuri metero 17.500 z’ubujyakuzimu, urenze kure uwo munsi wa Mariana Trench). Ubushyuhe ntarengwa ku bikoresho byinshi bito bito bihari ni hafi 175°C. Mu bihe bikomeye byo gukora birimo ultra-HTHP, ahantu hafite aside, hamwe n’imitingito ikomeye, ibikoresho, ibikoresho, n’ibikoresho bikunze kwangirika. Ibi birimo kubyimba no gusaza kwa elastomer rubbers mu byuma bya moteri stators n’ibifunga mu bikoresho bya torque impact, gukora nabi cyangwa gucika intege kwa bateri y’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bya MWD/LWD, no kudakomeza gushyuha kw’ibikoresho, bigatuma ibikoresho n’ibikoresho by’ingenzi bidakora neza.

Ikibazo cya 7: Ibisabwa bishya ku ikoranabuhanga ryo gusarura ibiti riva mu myobo miremire cyane, HTHP, n'ibice bito by'umurambararo

Ubujyakuzimu bw'amariba y'ubujyakuzimu burimo kugera ku rugero ntarengwa rw'imikorere y'amapine y'ubu, bigatera imbogamizi ku buryo bw'amashanyarazi burimo amakamyo akomeye, insinga zikoresha imbaraga nyinshi, ingoma nini, n'ibikoresho byo guterura bikomeye. Imiterere ya HTHP iri hafi kugera ku rugero rwo hejuru rw'ibikoresho bisanzwe bya HTHP. Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, nta bikoresho bikuze bihari bya serivisi zihariye nko gufata amashusho y'amashanyarazi na magnetic resonance ya nyukireki muri bene ibyo bihe. Ingaruka zo gucika kw'ibikoresho bitewe n'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ni nyinshi, bigatuma ibiti bishobora kudakora neza cyangwa bitameze neza. Kugabanya ibimenyetso ku nsinga ndende za metero 13.000 bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo bwa telemetrike bwo gufata ibyuma, bigatuma itumanaho rihamye rigorana kubigenzura.

Ikibazo cya 8: Gupima neza no gukoresha neza imiti mu gihe cy'ibiza bikomeye

Imibare ishingiye ku mwobo wuzuyemo gazi igaragaza ko igitutu kinini giteganijwe cyo gufunga umutwe w'amazi ku mwobo w'amazi kijya kure cyane gishobora kurenza 100 MPa, birashoboka ko harimo na hydrogen sulfide. Ibikoresho byo gupima no kurangiza amazi bikoreshwa cyane akenshi bipimirwa kuri 70 MPa na 175°C. Imigozi yo gupima umusaruro w'amazi ku mwobo w'amazi kijya kure cyane ifite ingano ntoya ariko isaba imbaraga nyinshi. Gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye n'imiterere y'imiyoboro idasanzwe bigora kunoza sisitemu kandi bigatuma isesengura n'igenzura ry'imihangayiko bigorana cyane. Ibikoresho byo gupima amazi ku mwobo w'amazi bijya kure cyane n'ibikoresho byo gupima amazi bijya kure cyane biragoye kugera ku bisabwa mu mikorere y'ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane, bigatuma guhitamo sisitemu nziza z'amazi n'ibikoresho bijya kure bigorana.