Ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gushyiramo ibintu: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bwo gushyira mu byiciro no gukoresha uduce duto tw'udupira tw'urukiramende n'udupira tw'udupira tw'ibumba

01 Roller Cone Bits: Ibikoresho Bikoreshwa mu Guhuza Imiterere

Kuva aho zatangiriye mu 1909, uduce twa roller cone twabaye ubwoko bwa bit bukoreshwa cyane mu gucukura rota. Imiterere yabyo yihariye y’imiterere ya multicone ituma bimenyera imiterere itandukanye, kuva ku yoroshye kugeza ku ikomeye cyane.

Imiterere y'imiterere n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi

Agace k'umugozi gakozwe mu cyuma kagizwe n'ibice bitanu by'ingenzi:

• Umubiri w'igice: Amaguru atatu y'inyuma afatanye, afite imigozi yo guhuza igice cyo hejuru.
• Imisokoro: Imibiri y'icyuma ifite amenyo asya cyangwa amenyo ashyirwa hejuru.
• Sisitemu yo gutwara: Igizwe n'amaseti ane y'amabere: manini, aciriritse, mato, n'amabere asunika.
• Utuzuzu: Ubusanzwe tuba turi 3-4, dufite umurambararo wa mm 7-14.
• Uburyo bwo kubika no gufunga amavuta: Impeta zo gufunga za rubber cyangwa icyuma zihujwe n'ibikoresho byo gupima umuvuduko.

Muri ibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga imigozi rigaragaza iterambere rikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga ku bice by’imigozi bizunguruka. Ibice bigezweho bikoresha uburyo bwo kubika amavuta, bukomeza kuringaniza hagati y’umuvuduko w’amavuta mu mwobo w’imigozi n’umuvuduko w’amazi yo mu mwobo ucukura unyuze mu bice nk’imyobo yo kohereza umuvuduko, diaphragms zo gufunga umuvuduko, n’ibikombe by’amavuta.

Sisitemu yo gushyira mu byiciro no kwandika inyandiko za IADC

Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry’Abakora Ubucukuzi bw’Amabuye (IADC) ryashyizeho uburyo bwo gushyira mu byiciro ibice by’udupira tw’amapine, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwandika imibare itatu:

Umubare wa mbere: Ubwoko bw'amenyo n'imiterere yayo

1: Amenyo asya, imiterere yoroshye

2: Amenyo asya, imiterere yo hagati kugeza hagati ikomeye

3: Amenyo asya, imiterere ikomeye kandi itera gushwanyagurika

5: Shyiramo amenyo, yoroshye kugeza ku rugero rwo hagati

6: Shyiramo amenyo, imiterere iringaniye kandi ikomeye

7: Shyiramo amenyo, imiterere ikomeye kandi iteye ubwoba

8: Shyiramo amenyo, akomeye cyane kandi ateye ubwoba cyane

Umubare wa Kabiri: Igabanywa ry'ubukomere bw'imiterere (Icyiciro cya 1-4; imibare myinshi igaragaza imiterere ikomeye)

Umubare wa Gatatu: Ibiranga imiterere ya Biti

4: Ibyuma bifunganye by'imizingo

6: Ibyuma bipfundikiye bifunze neza

7: Ibyuma bifunganye byo kuzunguruka + uburyo bwo kurinda imashini kwinjira

8: Guhindura ibice kugira ngo habeho gucukura mu cyerekezo

Sisitemu yoroshye yo gushyira mu byiciro IADC ku biti bya Roller Cone

Uburyo bwo Kumena Urutare n'Ibiranga Uburyo Rugenda

Mu gihe cyo gukora, agace k'umugozi gatanga imiterere y'ibintu (roller cone bit) kagaragaza ubwoko butatu bw'imikorere ivanze:

• Impinduramatwara: Utubumbe duzunguruka ukurikije icyerekezo cy'isaha hamwe n'igice cyose.
• Kuzunguruka: Amenyo azunguruka mu buryo bunyuranyije n'isaha akikije umurongo w'inyuma w'amenyo.
• Kunyerera: Harimo no kunyerera kwa radial na tangential.

Uku kugenda gukomeye kugera ku ngaruka ebyiri zo gusenya amabuye:

1.Ingaruka zo Gushwanyaguza: Guhuza amenyo rimwe n'abiri hamwe n'umwobo wo hasi bitera guhindagurika kw'amenyo, bigatuma habaho imitwaro y'ingaruka.

2.Ingaruka zo gukata amabuye: Gukata amabuye bigerwaho binyuze mu gushushanya inyubako zirekuye, zigizwe n'udupira tubiri, n'inyubako zishingiye ku mabuye.

Ingamba zo guhitamo no guhuza ireme 

Amahame y'ibanze yo guhitamo uduce tw'urukiramende dushingiye ku miterere y'amabuye:

• Imiterere yoroshye: Hitamo ibice bifite imiterere ya offset, overhang, na double-cone, bifite amenyo maremare, manini, kandi ashaje cyangwa ashongeshejwe.
• Imiterere iri hagati n'iy'amenyo akomeye: Gabanya agaciro k'amenyo ahindagurika, areshya n'ay'amenyo abiri; koresha amenyo magufi, magufi kandi afite ubugari.
• Imiterere ikomeye kandi igoye: Koresha utubumbe tw’inyuma tudafite amenyo yo hejuru cyangwa yo hagati, dufite amenyo y’umupira cyangwa amenyo y’umupira w’inyuma.
• Imiterere y'amenyo ahindagurika: Hitamo utubuto tw'amenyo magufi tudafite amenyo ahindagurika cyangwa amenyo mato, kandi nta menyo ahindagurika.
• Imiterere yoroshye n'ikomeye: Hitamo ubwoko bwa biti ukurikije ibuye rikomeye, kandi uhindure ibipimo mu buryo bwikora mu gihe cyo gucukura.

Igisubizo ku Mabwiriza Adasanzwe y'Umurimo

• Uduce duto tw'amazi (<177 mm): Koresha uduce tw'umugozi umwe, dufite utubuto tunini, amenyo, n'imiyoboro kugira ngo ukomere cyane.
• Gucukura mu cyerekezo: Hitamo uduce twihariye two gucengera aho umubare wa gatatu w'ikode ya IADC ari 8. 

02 Uduce twa Diyama: Ibikoresho bikomeye byo gukora imiterere ikomeye 

Diyama, nk'ikintu gikomeye cyane mu miterere yacyo, ifite ubukana bwa Mohs bwa Grade 10, imbaraga zo gukanda kugeza kuri 8800 MPa, kandi irwanya kwangirika inshuro 9000 z'icyuma. Dukoresheje ubu buryo, uduce twa diyama twabaye igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo guhangana n'imiterere ikomeye.

Sisitemu yo gushyira mu byiciro n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga

Uduce twa diyama twa none twigabanyijemo ubwoko butatu:

1.Uduce twa Diyama dushyirwa ku buso

• Uduce twa diyama tugaragara ku buso bwa matrix.
• Bikwiriye imiterere iri hagati na hagati kugeza ku ikomeye.
• Ingano y'uduce twa diyama:
• Imiterere yoroshye: uduce 2 kuri karati (gpc) (ingano y'uduce duto ifite hafi mm 4)
• Imiterere iciriritse ikomeye: 3-4 gpc (ingano y'uduce duto ifite hafi mm 3.6)
• Imiterere ikomeye: 10-15 gpc (ingano y'uduce duto ifite hafi mm 2.0)

2.Uduce twa Diyama twatewemo inda

• Diyama ziterwa imbere muri matrix (60-400 gpc).
• Bikwiriye imiterere ikomeye kandi iteye ubwoba (urugero: flint, siliceous dolomite).
• Kwiyongerera diyama ubushobozi bwo kuyitunganya bigerwaho binyuze mu kwambara matrix.

3.Uduce twa PDC (Uduce duto twa diyama twa polycrystalline)

• Yatangijwe bwa mbere na General Electric (GE) yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1973.
• Imiterere mito: Urusobe rwa diyama + substrate ya karubide ikozwe muri sima.
• Bikwiriye imiterere yoroshye kugeza ku iringaniye ikomeye kandi ingana.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiterere n'ibipimo by'ingenzi

Uduce twa diyama dukoresha igishushanyo mbonera nta bice bigenda, cyane cyane birimo:

• Umubiri w'icyuma: Gikozwe mu cyuma kiringaniye cya karuboni, gifite imigozi yo guhuza igice cyo hejuru.
• Matrix: Ifu ya karubide ya Tungsten + icyuma gishingiye ku muringa, gifite ubukana bwa HRC 30-45.
• Ibintu byo gukata: Diyama karemano/ikozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike cyangwa PDC compacts.
• Imiterere y'amazi: Inzira z'amazi n'imiyoboro y'amazi (radial, spiral, etc.).

Ibipimo by'Ishusho y'Ingenzi

• Ubwinshi bwa Diyama: Yahinduwe hashingiwe ku buryo ikora neza; ubwinshi bwinshi kugira ngo ikore neza.
• Uburebure bw'aho umuntu aturuka:
• Imiterere yoroshye: 1/3 cy'ingano y'uduce
• Imiterere ikomeye: 1/6-1/10 by'ingano y'uduce
• Imiterere y'iminwa:
• Ifite hepfo igororotse: Ku miterere ingana
• Ifite imiterere ikomeye: Ku bijyanye n'imiterere ikomeye
• Ifite imisemburo: Ikoreshwa mu gutera imisemburo isanzwe

Uburyo bwo Kumena Urutare n'uburyo bwo Gutera Imbere

Uburyo bwo gukata amabuye bw'uduce twa diyama buratandukanye bitewe n'imiterere y'imiterere:

Imiterere ya pulasitiki (urugero, amabuye y'ibumba, gypsum): Kimwe n'uburyo bwo "guhinga"; diyama zinjira mu miterere yazo zigatera urutare gutemba muri pulasitiki.

Imiterere y’amabuye y’umucanga ya quartz: Hakorwa imyobo isya diyama, ifite ingano zikubye inshuro 2-4, bigatuma diyama zikora neza cyane.

Amabuye akomeye (urugero, ibuye rya siliceous, ibuye rya siliceous): Hakoreshwa uduce twatewemo imyanda, kandi gushwanyaguza amabuye bigerwaho binyuze mu gukata no gushwanyaguza, nk'uko bigenda mu gusya amapine.

Ibyiza bya tekiniki n'imbogamizi za PDC Bits

Nk'igicuruzwa gishya mu muryango wa diyama, PDC bits zifite ibyiza bidasanzwe:

Ibiranga imiterere

Uduce twa PDC tw’icyuma: Icyuma gikozwe muri karuboni iciriritse gifite uburyo bwo gukomeza ubuso.

Uduce twa PDC tw’umubiri wa Matrix: Uduce two hejuru tw’icyuma + utw’inyuma twa tungsten carbide, bitanga imikorere myiza.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umwirondoro

Paraboliki: Ku bijyanye n'imiterere yoroshye, bigatuma habaho uburebure bw'ibice byinshi n'umuvuduko wo gucukura.

Uzunguruko: Gucukura ameza azunguruka, byoroshya kwinjira mu bice bikomeye by'amazi.

Ifite imiterere y'inyuma: Ikoreshwa mu gucukura vuba cyane, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjira neza.

Imbibi z'ikoreshwa

Ntibikwiriye ku miterere y'amabuye n'imiterere ikomeye ivanze.

Ubushyuhe ntarengwa (kwangirika kwiyongera hejuru ya 350℃; imbaraga zigabanuka kuri 700℃).

Ubudahangarwa bubi bwo guhangana n’ingaruka; gucika kw’inkombe z’uduce dushya bikunze kubaho.

Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya imiterere ikoreshwa ku bice bya Diyama

03 Inyigisho yo Guhitamo mu Buhanga: Imiterere Ihuye n'Ibisabwa mu Mikorere

Amategeko y'indabyo yo guhitamo ibyuma bito bya roller cone

Guhuza Ubukomere bw'Imiterere

Imiterere yoroshye: Hitamo ibice bifite imiterere miremire, irekuye, n'ifite amenyo abiri, afite amenyo asa n'akabari cyangwa nk'ikiyiko.

Imiterere ikomeye: Koresha imiterere imwe idahindagurika, ifite amenyo y'umupira cyangwa amenyo y'umupira w'inyuma.

Igisubizo ku gukabya

Ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'amenyo atera, koresha ibice by'amenyo bishyirwamo amenyo.

Niba amenyo yo hanze afite umurongo uzingiye mu gihe amenyo yo hagati agaragaza ko yangiritse cyane, igice gikurikiraho kigomba gutegurwa gifite uburinzi buhanitse bwo kugenzura.

Ingamba zo kurwanya imimerere yihariye y'akazi

Imiterere ikunze kugaragara: Hitamo uduce tw'amenyo magufi tudafite imiterere cyangwa imiterere mito; ubushobozi bwo kuyihindura bugomba kuba bworoshye gato kuruta imiterere nyayo.

Imiterere yoroshye n'ikomeye: Hitamo ibice bishingiye ku ibuye rikomeye, kandi uhindure ibipimo mu buryo bwikora mu gihe cyo gucukura.

Gucukura ibice by'amazi byimbitse: Koresha ibice bifite amashusho menshi kugira ngo wishyure igihe cyo gupfusha ubusa.

Ingamba zo Guhitamo Diyama Bits

Amabwiriza Akurikizwa kuri PDC Bits

Uburyo bwiza: Imiterere miremire y’ubugari cyangwa ubugari (urugero: shale, ibumba, gypsum).

Ibintu bibujijwe: Imiterere y'amabuye, imitere y'amabuye, imitere y'amabuye yoroshye n'ikomeye ivanze.

Imiterere y'ibipimo: WOB nkeya (30-60 kN), RPM iri hejuru (100-300 rpm), umuvuduko munini w'amazi.

Ibisabwa ku biti bya diyama bisanzwe/by'ubukorikori

Imiterere ikomeye kugeza ku ikomeye cyane (urugero: granite, umucanga wa quartz).

Imiterere iteye cyane (urugero: flint, siliceous dolomite).

Gucukura turbine, amariba maremare/maremare cyane, n'ibikorwa byo gucukura imiyoboro y'amazi.

Ibisabwa byihariye kuri Core Bits

Uduce tw'ibanze twa roller cone: Igishushanyo cy'agace k'umugozi kane (kameze nk'urukiramende/kameze nk'uruziga) cyangwa agace k'umugozi katandatu (gafite uruziga rwuzuye).

Uduce tw'ibanze twa diyama: Bisaba impande zo gucamo zikwirakwira neza kandi ziramba.

Ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi: Ubwinshi bw'umwobo w'imbere n'uruziga rw'inyuma kugira ngo hirindwe ko igice cyo hagati cy'umwobo gihinduka.

Gusuzuma no Gukemura Ibibazo Bidasanzwe Bigaragara mu Gihe cy'Ijosi

Irangamimerere y'imikorere ya Roller Cone Bit

Kwangirika kw'ibyuma: Kuzunguruka kw'ameza azunguruka buri gihe, kwiyongera bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'amazi, kugabanuka k'umuvuduko wo gucukura ariko umuvuduko usanzwe wa pompe.

Gutakaza icyuma: Gucukura cyane, ihindagurika rikomeye ry'uburemere, ihinduka ry'ubujyakuzimu mu gihe cyo gukurura umugozi w'icyuma.

Kwangirika kw'amenyo: Kugabanuka k'umutwaro w'ameza azunguruka, nta gutigita, kugabanuka gukomeye k'umuvuduko wo gucukura.

Imikoreshereze y'uduce twa diyama

Umwobo wo hasi ugomba gusukurwa mbere yo gukoresha umwobo wo hasi kugira ngo hatagira imyanda y'icyuma isigara.

Tangira gucukura ukoresheje WOB ntoya na RPM nkeya kugira ngo "ugire icyo ukoresha" (aho umwobo wo hasi wa metero 0.5 urimo gukonjesha).

Irinde gukora ibintu bihinduranya imbaraga; nibiba ngombwa, koresha WOB nkeya na RPM nkeya kugira ngo ukoreshe ibintu bimwe.

Umuntu wo kuvugana nawe:Jessie Zhou
Telefoni igendanwa/Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861
Urubuga:www.landrilltools.com