Nigute Wakwirinda Ko Umugozi Ufata (Kugabanya Uburemere ku Giti) mu Gucukura?

Ijambo "kugabanya ibiro kuri bit" (LWB) risobanura igihe cyo gucukura aho uburemere bwagenewe kuri bit (WOB) budashobora gukora kuri bit. Ahubwo, bitewe no gukururana gukabije hagati y'umugozi wo hasi n'urukuta rwometseho amazi, uburemere bwose bukoreshwa bunyurwa n'umugozi wo gucukura.

Mu gihe cyo gukoresha WOB, gucika kw'imitsi yo mu gitereko akenshi bituma uburemere bushyirwa kuumugozi wo gucukuracyangwa ibitera imbaraga. Ibi bisaba ko umugozi ukomeza gucurangwa, ariko imbaraga zo gukandagira z'umugozi zigomba kwitabwaho. Buri kwiyongera k'uburemere bishobora gutuma umugozi umanuka gato; gucukurwa inshuro nyinshi bituma umugozi uca inyuma igice cy'aho amazi acukuwe. Mu gihe umugozi usohoka muri iki gice, agace k'umugozi gahita gakorana n'agace k'aho amazi acukuwe. Kubera ko WOB kuri iyi ngingo iri hejuru kurusha iyo ku gucukurwa bisanzwe, agace k'umugozi kinjira cyane mu miterere, bigatuma imbaraga ziyongera mu buryo butunguranye. Ibi bishobora gutuma tableau rotary cyangwa top drive ihagarara. Niba habayeho guhagarara, ntuzamure umugozi utunguranye—banza kurekura imbaraga. Gucukurwa bisanzwe bishobora kongera gusubukurwa nyuma yo guhindurwa kenshi.

Gutakaza ibiro ku gice bikunze kubaho mu bihe bikurikira: gucukura amariba ahagaze mu cyerekezo gishingiye ku ruhande hamwe n’amariba yo gucukura inyuma cyangwa ay’icyerekezo hamwe n’ibikorwa byinshi byo gucukura inyuma, gusya amadirishya no gucukura mu cyerekezo gishingiye ku ruhande, hamwe no gucukura mu cyerekezo gishingiye ku ruhande. Bitewe n’inzira y’aho amazi anyura n’ibintu bitandukanye birwanya, biragoye ko umuvuduko ushyirwa ku mugozi wo gucukura woherezwa ku gice cyo gucukura. Biturutse ku bikoresho byuzuye byo gukata ibyondo n’ibipimo by’uburemere, ibi bigaragazwa nk’ibi: aho igice cyo gucukura giherereye ntihahinduka kandi nta ntera y’inyuma iboneka nubwo WOB yiyongera kenshi; umuvuduko wa pompe ntuzamuka kandi nta gufunga pompe bibaho. Ariko, kwiyongera kwa WOB gushobora gutuma pompe ifunga mu buryo butunguranye. Ku mariba yo gucukura, kugabanuka kw’ibiro ku gice ntibibangamira gusa imikorere isanzwe y’icyerekezo ahubwo binabangamira imiyoboro ifatirwa mu gihe imirimo idakwiye.

1. Komeza kugenzura inzira y'imiyoboro y'amazi no kunoza imiterere y'imigozi y'imigozi

Kugira ngo harebwe uburyo bwo kugabanya ibiro ku gice giterwa n’inzira mbi y’imiyoboro y’amazi, ingamba nyamukuru z’ubuhanga ni ukunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura inzira. Ku mariba afite imiterere miremire n’aho agana, hagomba gukoreshwa uburyo bwo kugenzura inzira y’imiyoboro y’amazi kugira ngo aho amazi agana n’azimuth bikomeze kujyana n’igishushanyo mbonera, hirindwa ko amazi asubira inyuma bitewe n’uko igishushanyo mbonera cyayo cyangiritse.

Ku kugabanya ibiro ku gice gikozwe mu nzira mbi y'imiyoboro y'amazi, igisubizo cyiza cyane ni ukoroshya imiterere y'imigozi yo gucukura: kugabanya umubare w'imigozi yo gucukura no kongera umubare w'imiyoboro icukura cyane (HWDP). Ibi bigabanya ubukana bw'umugozi wo gucukura, bigabanya ahantu hahurira umugozi n'umugati w'ifu, kandi bikarinda kugabanuka kw'ibiro ku gice gikozwe mu miyoboro no ku gice gikozwe mu miyoboro.

Ku birebana no kugabanya ibiro ku gice cy’amazi mu mwobo utambitse, ingamba zigomba kwibanda ku gusukura imiyoboro y’amazi, amavuta, n’uburyo bwo gukoresha imashini zicukura.

2. Kongera isuku

Gutunganya isuku bikubiyemo gusukura imiyoboro y'amazi no gusukura ibyondo byo hejuru hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo kugenzura ubuso.

Kunoza ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibyondo mu biti

Mu mishinga iherutse gucukura mu cyerekezo, uduce twa PDC hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rya moteri rikoreshwa cyane, bigatuma ibintu birushaho kugenda neza kandi bigasya ibice bito—bigatera imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe mu gusukura aho amazi anyura.

Ibisabwa ku kwimuka ku bice bitandukanye by'imiyoboro y'amazi:Ku gice cy'iriba cya φ311 mm, aho kwimura hagomba kuba hejuru ya 3.4 m³/min; ku gice cy'iriba cya φ216 mm, hagomba kuba hejuru ya 1.1 m³/min.

Hindura Ibipimo bya Rheological by'Icyondo Hashingiwe ku Gusubirana kw'Ibyiciro Bikase mu Myobo:Ku bijyanye n'amazi yo gucukura polymer afite imbaraga nke, igipimo cya pulasitiki gihinduka kigomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 0.42 na 0.50 kugira ngo habeho ingaruka nziza zo gutwara ibice. Ku bijyanye n'ubukana bw'ibyondo n'imbaraga za gel, ubukana bw'imyobo ifite icyerekezo kinini bugomba kugumaho mu gihe kitarenze amasegonda 48 - ubukana bwinshi n'imbaraga za gel bifasha gukumira ko ibice bihagarara mu buryo buhagaze.

Mu mushinga umwe wo gucukura, ubwo aho iriba ryavaga hari dogere 50–60, kongeramo gel nziza y’umwimerere byagabanyije ubukana bw’ibyondo kugeza ku masegonda agera kuri 42, bituma ibice byo hasi bitagaruka neza kandi bigatakaza ibiro ku gice cyo hasi mu gihe cyo gucukura mu cyerekezo. Imiterere isanzwe y’ibyondo byo hasi yasubiwemo nyuma yo kongera ubukana bw’ibyondo kugeza ku masegonda 50.

Ku mariba afite ubujyakuzimu burenga metero 200–300, amariba atambitse ashobora gukururwa mu gice cy'iriba afite intera ya dogere 20–30. Mu buryo bw'umugozi wo gucukura mu cyerekezo, hari ahantu henshi hashyirwa imigozi yo gucukura. Mu mariba mashya yacukuwe, kuba hariho imigozi yo gucukura byongera umuvuduko wo kugaruka kw'ibyondo, bityo ibitanda by'ibicanwa akenshi biguma mu mwobo ushaje. Kubwibyo, bamwe mu bakozi bo gucukura bakurura gusa igice cy'iriba gishya cyacukuwe, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka nke ku gusenya ibitanda by'ibicanwa.

3. Kunoza amavuta yo mu byondo n'ubwiza bwa keke y'ibyondo

Ongera amavuta yo mu byondo

Ingamba zihariye zo kunoza uburyo ibintu bisiga amavuta birimo, icya mbere, kongera ingano y'amavuta, icya kabiri, gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bw'amavuta.

Mu gucukura mu cyerekezo, amavuta asanzwe akunze kuvangwa mu cyondo mu gihe cyo gucukura mu cyerekezo. Nubwo amavuta asanzwe afite amavuta meza, kongeramo ayo mavuta byangiza ubwiza bw'amatafari y'icyondo. Kubwibyo, mu gucukura mu cyerekezo, amavuta asanzwe agomba gukoreshwa hamwe n'amavuta akomoka ku mazi. Ibi ntibikemura gusa ikibazo cyo gucukura ahubwo binarinda amatafari menshi y'icyondo aterwa n'ingano ikabije y'amavuta asanzwe.

Ukwiyongera kw'amavuta kuzamuka bitewe n'uko ahinduka. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, toni zigera kuri 3-5 za peteroli zishobora kuvangwa mu byondo, aho ingano y'amavuta itarenga 9-10%.

Kunoza Ubwiza bwa Cake y'Ibyondo

Kugira ngo hongerwe ubwiza bwa keke y'ibyondo, ibikoresho by'ibyondo nka asphalt ya sulfonated na phenolic resin birashobora kongerwamo. Keke y'ibyondo nziza igabanya ibyago byo gufatana bitewe no kugabanya ibiro kuri bit.

Uretse amavuta y'amazi, amavuta akomeye n'amavuta y'umuvuduko ukabije nabyo bigira akamaro mu kugabanya ibiro bitakaza ku gice. Iyo ibiro bitakaza ku gice bibaho mu gihe cyo gucukura mu buryo bukomeye, kongeramo ibiro 200–300 bya grafiti yagutse icyarimwe bigira ingaruka nziza mu gukemura ibiro bitakaza ku gice bitewe n'amavuta mabi.

Twandikire: May Ye

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