Uburyo bwo kubungabunga imigozi idakoresha ingufu za rukuruzi nyuma yo kuyikoresha

Ku bw'imigozi idakoresha ingufu za rukuruzi(NMDCs) zikoreshwa mu gucukura mu cyerekezo, kubungabunga nyuma yo gukoresha ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo imikorere ihamye ikomeze, yongere igihe cyo gukora, kandi hirindwe ko amashanyarazi yangiza imiterere y’ubutaka cyangwa kwangirika kw’imiterere y’ubutaka biterwa no gukoresha nabi, bishobora kwangiza uburyo bwo gupima umwobo wo hasi. Hasi aha hari intambwe zirambuye zo kubungabunga n’uburyo bwo kwirinda:

1. Gusukura nyuma yo gukoresha

• Gukuraho ibyondo n'imyanda:
  • Sukura ako kanya imbere n'inyuma by'umugozi w'imashini ukoresheje amazi afite umuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye byo gusukura kugira ngo ukureho neza amazi yo gucukura, ibice byaciwe, amavuta, n'ibindi bisigazwa, wirinde ingese cyangwa kwangirika.
  • Koresha isabune zitagira aside (wirinde aside cyangwa alkaline nyinshi) kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw'ubuso.
• Kumisha:
  • Nyuma yo gusukura, koresha umwuka ufunze cyangwa imyenda yumye kugira ngo wume neza, cyane cyane ahantu hahujwe n'imigozi, kugira ngo wirinde ingese yo kubika amazi.

2. Igenzura ryimbitse

• Igenzura ry'amaso:
  • Reba niba hari iminkanyari, uduce duto, imitumba, cyangwa ubumuga ku buso bw'ijosi, wibanda ku migozi ihuza n'uduce tw'imitsi n'uduce tw'imihangayiko (urugero, ahantu ho guhindura).
  • Koresha ibikoresho byo gukuza cyangwa uburyo budakoresha ingufu za rukuruzi (urugero, gupima irangi) kugira ngo umenye uduce duto tw’ibara.
• Igenzura ry'imigozi:
  • Genzura imigozi y'imbere n'inyuma kugira ngo urebe ko yangiritse, yangiritse cyangwa yangiritse. Koresha ibipimo by'imigozi kugira ngo urebe neza niba ari ngombwa.
  • Sukura imigozi hanyuma ushyireho amavuta arwanya ingese atari icyuma.
• Isuzuma ry'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira magnetic:
  • Koresha gaussmeter (Tesla meter) kugira ngo upime imbaraga za rukuruzi ku ijosi, urebe neza ko ubushobozi bwo kwinjira bwujuje ibisabwa (ubusanzwe ≤1.05 μ).
  • Iyo hagaragaye ko magnetization iboneka mu gace runaka (kubera stress cyangwa kwanduzwa n'icyuma), kora demagnetization (urugero: annealing cyangwa degaussing yihariye).

3. Gukuraho imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi (niba bikenewe)

• Annealing:
  • Shyushya mu itanura rigenzurwa n'ikirere kugeza ku bushyuhe bw'ibikoresho (urugero, 600–800°C kuri alloys za Monel) kugira ngo ukureho stress isigaye na magnetism.
  • Kurikiza neza ibipimo by'uruganda kugira ngo wirinde gushyuha cyane, bishobora gutera ingese hagati y'udusimba cyangwa kwangirika kwa mashini.
• Gukuraho Ibinyabiziga mu gace runaka:
  • Koresha ibikoresho bikuraho ingufu z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo wibasire ahantu hafite ingufu z'amashanyarazi kandi ugarure imiterere itari iya rukuruzi.

4. Gukumira ingese no gusiga amavuta

• Ingufu zo kurwanya ingese:
  • Sana ibyangiritse bito ku buso ukoresheje irangi ryo gukoraho cyangwa irangi rya epoxy kugira ngo wirinde ko ingese ikwirakwira.
• Uburinzi bw'Indodo:
  • Shyira amavuta adafite icyuma (urugero, amavuta ashingiye kuri molybdenum disulfide) ku migozi kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika no kwangirika.
  • Shyiramo ibikoresho birinda imigozi (urugero, imipfundikizo ya pulasitiki) mu gihe cyo kubika cyangwa gutwara.

5. Imicungire y'ububiko

• Ibisabwa ku bidukikije:
  • Bika ahantu humutse kandi hafite umwuka mwiza mu nzu, ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 60% n'ubushyuhe buhamye.
  • Birinde amasoko akomeye ya rukuruzi (urugero: moteri, transfomateri).
• Gushyiramo umwanya:
  • Shyira ku buryo butambitse ku migozi yabugenewe kugira ngo wirinde kunama; ntuzigere uteranya uhagaze cyangwa ngo uhuze neza.
  • Genzura uburyo ibikwa buri gihembwe kugira ngo urebe niba hari ingese cyangwa ubwihindurize.

6. Uburinzi bw'ubwikorezi

• Kurinda no Gushyiramo imigozi:
  • Koresha ibikoresho byabugenewe bifite udupira twa rabara cyangwa ibiti kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka mu gihe cyo kunyuramo.
• Uburinzi bwa rukuruzi:
  • Imikandara y'uburinzi ifite ibikoresho birwanya rukuruzi iyo itwaye hafi y'amasoko ya rukuruzi.

7. Ibizamini by'Umwuga by'Inshuro Zimwe

• Isuzuma risanzwe:
  • Gukora ibizamini bya laboratwari by’abantu ba gatatu bikozwe kabiri mu mwaka/mu mwaka, harimo:
    • Isuzuma ry’ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe (kuri ASTM A342).
    • Gupima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasonic (UT) cyangwa gupima hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya radiographic (RT) kugira ngo harebwe niba hari inenge zo mu mubiri.
    • Isesengura ry'imiterere y'ibikoresho (urugero, spectrometry) kugira ngo hemezwe ubusugire butari ubw'ingufu za rukuruzi.
• Inyandiko:
  • Kubika inyandiko z'ibyavuye mu isuzuma n'ibikorwa byo kubungabunga kugira ngo bikurikirane ubuzima bwose bw'ibizamini.

8. Amahugurwa ku bakoresha

• Gutoza abakozi buri gihe kuri:
  • Kubuza ingaruka ku bikoresho by'icyuma kuNMDCs.
  • Kwirinda gukora/kubika hafi y'imbaraga zikomeye za rukuruzi.
  • Gukoresha imigozi ikoresha torque kugira ngo ukomeze imigozi hakurikijwe amabwiriza.

Amabwiriza y'ingenzi yo kwirinda

• Irinde gusudira: NMDC muri rusange ntizishobora gusukwa; gusana bigomba gukorwa n'inganda zemewe.
• Uguhuza kw'ibikoresho: Menya neza ko ibikoresho byo gusukura, amavuta yo kwisiga, nibindi, bihuye n'ibikoresho byo ku ijosi (urugero: Monel alloys zishobora kwanduzwa na ammonia; irinde ibintu birimo ammonia).

Kubungabunga gahunda bigabanyaNMDCigipimo cyo guhomba, ukareba ko gucukura mu cyerekezo gikwiye kandi ko umutekano w'imikorere uhagaze. Simbuza cyangwa usubize vuba uruganda rwakoze imashini zangiritse cyane cyangwa zifite magnetique.

PS:

LANDRILLImashini itanga ubwoko bwose bw'imigozi yo gucukura ikoze mu buryo bwa "spiral" muri NMDC irimo P530, P550, P650 n'ibindi bikoresho bingana nayo. Twandikire kugira ngo ubone ibisobanuro birambuye.