Ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura no gukora | Umuvuduko wo gucukura ni iki - kongera ibikoresho? Ni gute wakongera neza imikorere myiza yo gucukura no kugabanya ikiguzi?

1Irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi - Ingana - Ubunini bw'urukuta - Umuvuduko wo gucukura - Ikoranabuhanga rikomeza kwiyongera

Utuzu duto duhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi ni igikoresho cyongera umuvuduko cyagenewe guhaza ibyifuzo by'imikorere myiza n'ubwizerwe mu nganda zicukura. Mu gihe cyo gukoresha utuzu duto dusanzwe ducukura, bitewe n'ikirere gishyuha cyane n'imiterere y'akazi igoye, akenshi habaho kwangirika gukomeye no kwangirika gukomeye, bigatuma imikorere yo gucukura igabanuka. Ariko, utuzu duto duhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi dufite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, dushobora kugumana imiterere ihamye ya mekanike mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, kugabanya amakosa y'ibikoresho biterwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bityo bigatuma umuvuduko wo gucukura urushaho kwiyongera.

1.1 Ihame rya tekiniki

Moteri imanuka itwara igice cyo gucukura kugira ngo imenye amabuye n'imashini, bishobora kohereza ingufu neza ku gice cyo gucukura, kugabanya igihombo cy'ingufu, no kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho byo gucukura. Ibi biterwa nuko moteri itwara igice cyo gucukura, bishobora kwirinda igihombo cy'ingufu giterwa no gutakaza sisitemu yo kohereza, bityo ingufu nyinshi zigakoreshwa mu gucukura amabuye - kumenagura, kunoza umuvuduko no gukora neza. Kugira ngo hongerwe imbaraga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ibikoresho, vis y'ubushyuhe bwinshi idahinduka ikoresha ibikoresho byihariye bidahinduka ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ubuso. Urugero, icyuma kinini gikoreshwa nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi, cyangwa ubuso bw'ibikoresho bukorerwaho ubushyuhe cyangwa gusiga kugira ngo bwongere ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ibikoresho. Kubera ko stator ifata icyuma cyakozwe mbere gifite ishusho yihariye y'igice, hanyuma igaterwa kole kugira ngo ikore urwego rw'umupira woroshye kandi ungana, moteri ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi ishobora kwihuza n'imiterere itandukanye y'ubutaka. Iyi miterere ituma icyuho kiri hagati ya stator na rotor ya moteri kiba gito, bityo bikagabanya kwangirika no kwangirika, kandi bikanoza ubuzima bw'ibikoresho n'ukwizera kw'ibikoresho. Iki gikoresho gikoresha uburyo bwo gufunga cyangwa gukururana mu buryo bwa mekanike kugira ngo cyongere uburyo bwo kuzenguruka neza no guhagarara neza kw'ibikoresho, kandi cyirinde kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gucukura buterwa no guhindagura kw'ibice cyangwa guhindagurika kw'ibice.

1.2 Isesengura ry'uburyo bwo guhuza n'imimerere

Ku bijyanye n'imikorere, vis irinda ubushyuhe bwinshi ingana n'ubugari bw'urukutaigikoresho cyo gucukuraNtabwo ifite gusa imiterere yose ya moteri zisanzwe za screw, ahubwo inafite imiterere ya torque nini, yoroshye gutangira, kandi idashobora kurenza urugero, bigatuma irushaho kuba nziza mu bikorwa byo gucukura mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Hakoreshejwe screw igororotse ifite igikoresho gito cyo gucukura mu bushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi wo gucukura ushobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe umuvuduko muto wo gucukura, kandi ingaruka zikomeye zo kugabanya no gukumira guhindagurika zishobora kugerwaho. Muri icyo gihe, imiterere ya screw igororotse ishobora kandi gutanga imbaraga zihamye zo gushyigikira kugira ngo wirinde ko icyuma cyo gucukura kigenda mu bushyuhe bwinshi, bityo bikanoza uburyo bwo gucukura buhamye. Ubushakashatsi bw'imitekerereze n'ikoreshwa ry'aho hantu bigaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura ryihuse rikoresha screws zihangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi zishobora kongera cyane umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka w'icyuma cyo gucukura kiri munsi y'icyobo, zigahuza n'ikirere cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi zigatunganya neza uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'icyombo. Muri icyo gihe, ishobora kandi kugabanya umutwaro wo hejuru w'imodoka n'igikoresho cyo gucukura, no kongera igihe cyo gukora cy'igikoresho cyo gucukura. Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gucukura bya PDC, ubu buryo bushobora kunoza cyane imikorere myiza yo gucukura no kugaragaza ingaruka nziza cyane ku bukungu na tekiniki.

2Umuvuduko w'ibice bya diyama bya Turbine + Diyama yatewe inda - Ikoranabuhanga ririyongera

Turbodrill ni igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi gikoreshwa mu gucukura amazi gishobora guhindura ingufu za hydraulic z'amazi mo ingufu zizenguruka, bityo bigatuma icyuma gicukura kizenguruka kandi gikora neza, kandi kikabona uburyo bwo gucukura bwihuse kandi bunoze. Gigizwe ahanini n'ibice bitatu: igice cya turbine, umugozi w'isi yose, n'umugozi wo kohereza. Agace ka diyama gashyizwemo ni ubwoko bwa diyama. Matrix yayo ikorwa no gucukura uduce twa diyama twa polycrystalline inyuma ya matrix, bigatuma agace gakomera cyane. Matrix ifite uburebure runaka, umurambararo wayo wo hanze ni munini gato ugereranije n'umurambararo wo hanze w'umubiri wa bit, kandi umurambararo wayo w'imbere ni muto gato ugereranyije n'umurambararo w'imbere w'umubiri wa bit. Uruhande rw'inyuma, uruhande rw'imbere, n'ubuso bwa matrix byose bifite imiyoboro y'amazi yo gusohora ibiti by'amabuye no gukonjesha igice binyuze mu mazi asohoka. Matrix ifite imbaraga zihagije zo gukanda no gutera, ndetse no gukomera cyane no kudashira. Turbodrill n'agace ka diyama gashyizwemo ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu gucukura amavuta, kandi ikoreshwa ryayo hamwe rishobora kunoza imikorere myiza yo gucukura no kunoza ubuziranenge bw'ubucukuzi.

2.1 Ihame rya tekiniki

Igice cya turbine ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cya turbodrill, kigizwe na stator na rotors za turbine, bearing zishyira hamwe, shafts nini, na casings. Ishobora guhindura ingufu z'amazi z'amazi yo gucukura mo ingufu za mechanical zo kuzunguruka k'umugozi mukuru. Imiterere yayo y'imbere irimo ibyiciro byinshi bya stator na rotors. Iyo amazi yo gucukura yinjiye muri stator inyuze mu gikoresho cyo gucukura, stator izayobora amazi yo gucukura kugira ngo agire icyerekezo n'umuvuduko runaka, hanyuma yinjire muri rotor. Muri rotor, amazi yo gucukura azakora ku nkono kugira ngo habeho itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko runaka, bizatuma rotor izunguruka. Binyuze muri ubu buryo, ingufu z'amazi yo gucukura zihinduka ingufu za mechanical ziyobora shaft ya turbine kuzunguruka.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kumena ibuye ry’agace k’amabuye ka diyama katewe ni ukumena ibuye ry’urutare, ni ukuvuga gukoresha uduce twa diyama mu gusya, gushwanyaguza no gusya ibuye hakoreshejwe imbaraga n’umuvuduko, kugira ngo rigere ku ntego yo kumena ibuye. Agace k’amabuye gakoresha cyane ubu buryo bwo kumena ibuye gafite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika cyane, bushobora guhangana neza n’amabuye asanzwe cyane mu miterere ikomeye cyane, kandi bukongera imikorere myiza y’agace k’amabuye n’igihe cy’imikorere y’agace k’amabuye.

2.2 Isesengura ry'uburyo bwo guhuza n'imimerere

Agace ka turbodrill + diyama gafite umwuka mwiza gakoresha imiterere y'icyuma cyose, gafite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi gafite ubushobozi bwo gucukura buhamye, bigatuma gashobora gukora neza no mu bidukikije bikomeye. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu bikorwa byo gucukura amariba maremare n'amariba maremare cyane. Ubu buryo bwo gucukura amariba maremare bufite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kuringaniza imiyoboro, bushobora kugabanya guhindagura kw'inyuma, bugatuma inzira yo gucukura igenda neza, bukagabanya kwangirika k'urukuta rw'iriba, bityo bukarinda agace ko gucukura n'ibindi bikoresho byo hasi, kandi bugira akamaro mu bikorwa bikurikira. Bitewe n'imiterere yo kuzunguruka kw'amariba maremare cyane, guhuza agace ka diyama gafite umwuka mwiza na turbine yihuta cyane bishobora gukoresha ubushobozi bwo gucukura bwinshi cyane mu buryo bwimbitse bufite ubukana bwinshi n'ubukana bukomeye, kandi bikongera cyane ubushobozi bwo gucukura.

3Umuvuduko wo gucukura Torque Impactor - Ikoranabuhanga ririyongera

Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gushyushya amashanyarazi ni igikoresho cy’ingufu za mekanike gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukata amabuye y’inyongera ku biti bya PDC. Iki gikoresho gitanga igabanuka ry’umuvuduko binyuze mu ruzitiro ruhindagurika, rugakora agace k’umuvuduko mwinshi n’agace k’umuvuduko muto imbere muri cyo. Iyo itandukaniro ry’umuvuduko rikoze ku gikoresho, umuyoboro w’amazi uhinduka kugira ngo inyundo y’ingufu n’inyundo yo gutangira imbere mu gikoresho bihinduke ku muvuduko mwinshi. Inyundo y’ingufu ikomeza kugira ingaruka ku buso bw’ingufu, bityo yohereza imbaraga z’ingufu ku gice cyo gucukura, ikora torque y’ingufu zikoresha amashanyarazi menshi. Ihindura mu buryo bw’ubuhanga ingufu z’amazi yo gucukura mo ingufu zihindagurika, zihindagurika, zihuye kandi zihamye kandi ziyohereza mu gice cyo gucukura, bigatuma igice cyo gucukura n’igice cyo hasi cy’iriba bikomeza igihe cyose.

3.1 Ihame rya tekiniki

Imbaraga z’ingufu zihoraho inshuro 750/umunota kugeza ku nshuro 1500/umunota zitangwa n’igikoresho gitera imbaraga zidasanzwe bingana no gukata icyiciro inshuro nyinshi ku munota. Ibi bituma igice cy’ingufu gikata icyiciro kidategereje ko icyiciro cy’ingufu gikusanya ingufu zihagije, bigahindura burundu imikorere y’igice cy’ingufu. Muri iki gihe, igice cy’ingufu gifite imbaraga ebyiri zo gukata icyiciro: kimwe ni imbaraga zitangwa n’ameza azunguruka, ikindi ni imbaraga zitangwa n’igikoresho gitera imbaraga zitangwa n’igikoresho gitera imbaraga zidasanzwe. Izi mbaraga zombi zoherezwa mu gice cy’ingufu ubwacyo, kugira ngo imbaraga zitangwa n’umuyoboro w’ingufu zikoreshwe neza mu gukata icyiciro nta myanda. Igikorwa cy’iyi torque hamwe n’imbaraga zidasanzwe ntibishobora kongera umuvuduko wo gucukura gusa, ahubwo binagabanya cyangwa bikuraho neza guhindagura kwangiza kw’igice cy’ingufu mu gihe cyo gucukura mu buryo bukomeye, birinde igice cy’ingufu, byongere ubuzima bw’igice cy’ingufu, kandi icyarimwe bigabanya imbaraga z’ibindi bikoresho byo gucukura no kongera ubuzima bw’ibindi bikoresho byo gucukura. Ishusho ya 1 igaragaza imiterere y’umugozi w’ingufu zo gucukura mu mwobo usanzwe n’igikoresho gitera imbaraga zidasanzwe.

3.2 Isesengura ry'uburyo bwo guhuza n'imimerere

Nk'igikoresho cyo gucukura cyateye imbere, igikoresho gitera imbaraga fatizo gifite imiterere y'imbere ikwiye, nta bice bya rubber n'ibice by'ikoranabuhanga, kandi ni ibice bike. Nubwo cyananirwa, kingana gusa na drill bit sub izenguruka hamwe na PDC bit nta ngaruka ku gucukura guhoraho, kandi nta mpamvu yo kugonga drill, bityo ikaba yizewe cyane. Ikigo gitera imbaraga fatizo kibereye imiterere itandukanye igoye, cyane cyane imiterere y'amabuye acukurwa afite imbaraga nyinshi kandi adakoresha neza. Muri icyo gihe, igikoresho cyoroshye gukoresha. Iyo ukoresheje torque impactor, igomba gusa guhuzwa n'igikoresho gitera imbaraga fatizo cyangwa icyerekezo, byoroshye kandi byoroshye gukoresha.

4Impact Ihuza Ibice Bitandukanye

Impactor y’ibice bivanze ni igikoresho cyo gucukura kigezweho gifite igikoresho gihindura ingufu cyagenewe imbere, gishobora guhindura ingufu z’amazi y’amazi yo gucukura mo ingufu z’ingufu z’ingufu z’ingufu, bityo kikabyara imbaraga zihamye zo kuzenguruka no kuzenguruka. Ubu buryo bwo gukora bunoza cyane ubushobozi bw’icyuma cyo gucukura, bukemura neza ibibazo byo gufata inkoni no gusimbuka mu gihe cyo gucukura, bityo bugagera ku ntego yo kongera umuvuduko. Impactor y’ibice bivanze ntabwo ifite gusa imiterere y’ingufu z ....

ikintu gitera ingaruka ku bintu bitandukanye

4.1 Ihame rya tekiniki

Imiterere y'imbere y'icyuma gitera imbaraga igizwe n'imashini z'icyuma zisanzwe. Ihindura ingufu z'amazi y'amazi yo gucukura mo ingufu z'ingaruka zihindagurika kandi zihamye binyuze mu buryo bwo gusubira inyuma. Mu gihe cyo gucukura mu gice gisanzwe cyo gucukura, nyuma y'uko igice cya PDC kijya mu miterere, ingufu ziyongera ku gikoresho cyo hejuru cyo gucukura zigomba kurenga agaciro runaka k'ingenzi kugira ngo rutangire gukata amabuye. Mu buryo bunyuranye, icyuma gitera imbaraga zihindagurika z'amazi yo gucukura mo ingufu z'ingaruka, gitanga imbaraga zihoraho kandi zihamye ku gice cyo gucukura. Muri ubu buryo, imbaraga zigabanuka z'amabuye zishobora kugera ku ngufu zikenewe zo gukata, bikongera cyane ubushobozi bwo gukata bwa PDC. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe no kugabanuka kw'ihindagurika ry'imbaraga zigabanuka z'amabuye n'umuvuduko, ni byiza ko igice cyo gucukura gikata kimwe hasi y'icyobo, bigakuraho imbaraga zidasanzwe zihuse ku gice cya PDC munsi y'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gucukura. Kubwibyo, imbaraga zigabanuka ku gice cyo gucukura ziba zimwe kandi zihamye, bityo bikongera ubuzima bw'igice cya PDC kandi byongera imikorere y'igice kimwe cyo gucukura.

4.2 Isesengura ry'uburyo bwo guhuza n'imimerere

Ugereranyije n'ingufu zifata amashanyarazi, ingufu zifata amashanyarazi zongera imbaraga z'ingufu zifata amashanyarazi mu gihe kirekire. Mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kumena amabuye buri hejuru, kandi irakwiriye gukoreshwa mu miterere ikomeye. Mu bunini bumwe, igitutu cyiza cyo gucukura cy'ingufu zifata amashanyarazi kiba kiri hejuru gato y'ingufu zifata amashanyarazi. Ku ingufu zifata amashanyarazi, ingufu zikoreshwa zigomba kugira ubudahangarwa bukomeye bw'ingufu, kandi hari amenyo akura akwirakwira iruhande rw'amenyo y'ingenzi yo gucukura, ibi bikaba birinda neza ingufu zifata amashanyarazi. Mu gucukura mu miterere ikomeye n'imiterere ikomeye cyane, guhitamo ingufu za PDC za HPM bishobora kugera ku buringanire bwiza hagati y'umuvuduko wo gucukura n'ishusho.

5Umwanzuro n'ibyitezwe

Iyi nkuru yiga kandi ishyira ahagaragara umuvuduko usanzwe wo gucukura - ibikoresho byongera. Binyuze mu isesengura ry'amahame, imiterere, n'uburyo ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa, ibisubizo bigaragaza ko ubwoko butandukanye bw'umuvuduko wo gucukura - ibikoresho byongera bikwiranye n'imiterere itandukanye ya geologiya n'ibisabwa mu gucukura. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n'ibiciro bitandukanye byo gukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye, guhitamo umuvuduko wo gucukura - ibikoresho byongera nabyo bigomba gusuzumwa mu rwego rw'ubukungu.

Mu bushakashatsi bw’ejo hazaza, birasabwa gukora ibi bikurikira: kwiga uburyo bwo gukora umuvuduko wo gucukura - kongera ibikoresho, kunoza imiterere y’ibikoresho, no kunoza uburyo bihinduka n’imikorere yabyo; guhuza ikoranabuhanga nk’ubwenge bw’ubukorano na big data kugira ngo hagerwe ku bumenyi no gukurikirana umuvuduko wo gucukura kure - kongera ibikoresho, no kunoza umutekano n’imikorere myiza y’ibikorwa byo gucukura; kwagura ikoreshwa ry’umuvuduko wo gucukura - kongera ibikoresho mu zindi nzego, nk’amariba y’amazi, amariba ya gaze, n’amariba y’ubushyuhe, kugira ngo hahuzwe n’ibikenewe mu iterambere ry’imibereho myiza n’ubukungu.

Umuntu wo kuvugana na we: Jessie Zhou

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