Ubwoko bw'Ibice byo Gucukura

1. Uduce two gucukura twa Tricone:

Uduce duto two gukata (cyangwa uduce duto two gukata) dufite ibice byatwo byo gukata bitondetse ku duce duto tuzenguruka impande zatwo uko umubiri w’uduce uzenguruka. Umubare w’uduce duto ushobora kuba 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, cyangwa 6. Ariko, uduce duto two gukata dukunze kugaragara cyane ni uduce duto two gukata. Hafi 95% by’imyobo ya peteroli na gaze ku isi yose yacukuwe hakoreshejwe uduce duto two gukata, cyane cyane uduce duto two gukata. Mu buryo bworoshye, amenyo aba maremare kandi atandukaniye kure. Ku mabuye akomeye, ingano n’intera biragabanuka.

• Uduce tw'inyuma imwe: Ubu bwoko bw'ibice bizunguruka ku murongo wabyo kandi ahanini bukoreshwa mu gucukura mu cyerekezo. Ibi bice bikoreshwa mu gucukura bizunguruka ku bice byacitse, ibice binini, ibice bikomeye byo hagati, n'ubuso bufite inguni. Ibice bifite imiterere imwe bigabanya amahirwe yo guhindagurika kw'amariba.
• Uduce tw'udupira tubiri: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu buryo bworoshye no mu gucukura mu cyerekezo.
• Uduce duto tw'amacone atatu: Uduce duto tw’uduce dutatu (tri-cone bits) ni two dusanzwe cyane, dukoreshwa mu bikorwa byinshi byo gucukura ku isi.

Uduce two gucukura twa Tricone dushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri:

i. Uduce twa Tricone y'amenyo yaciwe (MT Bits):

Ubwoko bwa mbere bw'uduti twa MT bwari bufite uduti tubiri, aho amenyo n'imitsi yo ku duti bitakoraga mu gihe cyo kuzunguruka. Guhuza amenyo ku duti twegeranye bitanga isuku ubwayo, byongera umuvuduko wo kwinjira, kandi byoroshya inzira yo gucukura. Uduti tw'amenyo twaciwe dukoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye kugeza ku bunini.

ii. Uduce two gucukuramo karubine ya Tungsten (TCI):

Uduce twa Tungsten Carbide Insert (TCI), twitwa kandi utwuma duto (urugero, ubwoko bwa MT), dufite utubuto tuzenguruka. Bitandukanye na MT bits, utwo duce dufite utubuto twa tungsten carbide kuri cones ku bushyuhe bwinshi cyane bwo gushyiraho. Dukoreshwa mu bikorwa bikomeye kandi byangiza ahantu hato cyane. Mu bujyakuzimu bwinshi, utwuma duto twa tricone tugaragaza imikorere mibi kandi bifata igihe kinini kubisimbuza.

2. Uduce tw'imashini zicukura neza

Uduce duto tw’icyuma dukozwe mu buryo bumwe nta bice bigenda. Mu by’ukuri, ubu bwoko bw’uduce ntibugira utubumbe twigenga tuzunguruka; ahubwo, bufite umubiri uhagaze n’umutwe uhamye uzunguruka hamwe n’umuyoboro w’icyuma n’umugozi w’icyuma. Igice nyamukuru cy’uduce nk’utwo gikozwe mu cyuma cyangwa karubide ya tungsten. Uduce tw’icyuma dukomeye ku ngaruka n’imbaraga zikoreshwa ku duce, ariko icyuma gikomeye ku ngaruka ziterwa n’amazi yo gucukura. Ku rundi ruhande, uduce tw’icyuma dukomeye ku ngaruka ziterwa n’amazi yo gucukura dufite ubudahangarwa bwinshi ku ngaruka ziterwa n’amazi yo gucukura. Ku rundi ruhande, uduce tw’icyuma dukomeye ku ngaruka ziterwa n’inyongera ziterwa n’inyongera ziterwa n’amazi yo gucukura.

i. Uduce tw'icyuma gikata uduce

Utu duce dutandukanye mu byiciro bibiri: uduce dukata ibyuma n'uduce duto tw'umurizo w'ifi, hamwe n'uduce duto two gukurura. Uduce duto dukoreshwa mu gucukura mu buryo bworoshye mu nganda za peteroli na gaze. Uduce duto two gukurura ni two twa mbere twakoreshejwe mu gucukura duzunguruka, ariko buhoro buhoro twasimbuwe n'uduce duto tw'ibumba bitewe n'ubushobozi buke. Utu duce dufite utumashini dukata ibyuma kandi ahanini dukoreshwa mu gucukura mu buryo bworoshye. Inshuro zikoreshwa zaragabanutse bitewe n'ubushobozi buke mu buryo bukomeye; iyo imizigo myinshi ishyizwe kuri utwo duce, utumashini dukata ibyuma tuzashyirwa mu buryo, kandi kwiyongera k'umuyoboro w'ibumba bishobora gutuma umuyoboro w'ibumba ucika ukagwa mu mwobo. Ubwo bwoko bw'uduce buragoye kugenzura inzira y'aho amazi anyura kandi akenshi buva mu nzira nyamukuru.

ii. Uduce two gucukura diyama

Muri ubu bwoko bw'agace k'icyuma, uduce twa diyama tuba turi mu gice cy'icyuma. Diyama, ibikoresho bigoye cyane bizwi, igizwe na karuboni yonyine. Bitewe n'ubukomere bwayo, utu duce turakwiriye cyane mu gucukura mu buryo bukomeye. Ugereranyije n'uduce tw'icyuma ducukura n'uduce tw'icyuma, uduce twa diyama ntabwo twihanganira cyane icyondo cyo gucukura. Icyondo cyo gucukura givanze n'amazi gikunze gutuma icyuma gikora neza kandi kikaba gihendutse.

Uduce twa diyama dutanga ibyiza byinshi, birimo kwiyongera k'umuvuduko wo gucukura mu buryo butandukanye no mu mabuye, kugabanya igihe cyo gucika no kwangirika kw'uduce, kudakenera ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi, no kuba bikwiye ku masoko afite umuvuduko mwinshi n'ibindi bintu byihariye.

Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'uduce tw'uducupa twa diyama

• Uduce tw'udupira tw'ibumba karemano twa diyama
• Uduce duto twa Diyama ya Polycrystalline (PDC)
• Ibice bya Polycrystalline Bit (TSP) bihagaze neza mu bushyuhe

Uduce duto twa Diyama ya Polycrystalline (PDC):

Uduce twa PDC dufite umubiri wa tungsten carbide hamwe n'uduce two gukata dushyirwa hejuru. Utu duce dushobora gushushanya hamwe n'imizingo cyangwa tudafite. Ingano y'uduce twa diyama muri PDC igira ingaruka ku kudakora kwabyo no kudashira. Diyama y'ubukorikori, ikorwa hakoreshejwe cobalt nk'umusemburo, ituma PDC idashyuha cyane kurusha diyama karemano. Iyo ishyushye, cobalt irakura kandi ishobora gutera gucika kwa diyama.

• Ibice bya Polycrystalline bihamye mu bushyuhe (TSP):

Uduce twa TSP twakozwe kugira ngo dukemure ikibazo cyo kudashyuha kwa PDC. Mu gihe cyo gukora, cobalt ikurwaho binyuze mu gusohora aside, cyangwa silicon carbide igakoreshwa mu kongera ubushobozi bwo kudashyuha. Kubera iyo mpamvu, utwo duce twa TSP dukora neza kurusha utwo duce twa PDC mu buryo bukomeye cyane.

• Uduce tw'uducupa tw'ibumba karemano twa diyama

Uduce two gucukura amavuta

Intego yo gucukura: Gucukura ni inzira y'ingenzi n'igikoresho cyo gushakisha no guteza imbere umutungo kamere wa peteroli na gaze. Mu bushakashatsi ku birebana n'ubutaka bwa peteroli, intego y'ibanze yo gucukura ni ukubona amakuru y'ibikoresho biri munsi y'ubutaka, bikubiyemo gukusanya ingero zifatika nk'imirongo, imirongo y'amabuye y'agaciro, ibice, amazi n'imyuka mu mwobo.

Ikoreshwa ry'uduce two gucukura mu nganda za peteroli

Nk'umuyoboro w'ifatizo ry'ubutaka, utuma habaho kubona amakuru atandukanye ya geofiziki aturuka ku mabuye yo munsi y'ubutaka n'amabuye y'agaciro. Nk'umuyoboro w'ubukorano, utuma umuntu abona imiterere y'ubutaka bwo munsi y'ubutaka n'uburyo amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka ahinduka. Inzu zikoreshwa mu gukuramo peteroli yo munsi y'ubutaka, gaze karemano, amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka, n'umutungo w'isi ushyushye.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura rikoreshwa mu gushakisha no guteza imbere peteroli na gaze karemano, kandi ahanini rikubiyemo:

• Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imitako
• Guhitamo uduce tw'imyobo n'amazi yo gucukura
• Guteranya ibikoresho byo gucukura
• Guhuza ibipimo byo gucukura
• Kugenzura uburyo bwo kuyobya amariba
• Gutunganya amazi yo gucukura
• Koring
• Gukumira no guhangana n'impanuka

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura peteroli rirangwa n'ubujyakuzimu bw'amariba y'ubujyakuzimu, umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi, n'ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kuri yo.

Ubwoko bw'uduce two gucukura peteroli

Hashingiwe ku miterere y’ubutaka n’imiterere y’ubutaka hamwe n’ibisabwa mu buhanga mu gushakisha no guteza imbere peteroli na gaze, amariba ashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: amariba ahagaze n’amariba y’icyerekezo. Amariba y’icyerekezo ashobora gushyirwa mu mariba asanzwe y’icyerekezo, amariba atambitse, n’amariba afatanye.

Ubwoko bw'uduce two gucukuramo utubuto turimo uduce twa PDC na utw'uduce twa Tricone. Uduce twa PDC dukoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa bisanzwe byo gucukura peteroli, bitanga ibyiza nko gukora neza cyane no gukora neza mu buryo burambye.

Ubwa mbere, hashingiwe ku itandukaniro ry'ibikoresho, uduce twa PDC dushobora kugabanywamo uduce twa PDC tw'icyuma n'uduce twa PDC tw'umubumbe.

GREAT ifite porogaramu igezweho yo kunoza imiterere y’ibice byo gucukura. Ikoresheje mudasobwa zikoresha ikoranabuhanga nk'igikoresho n'uburyo bwo kunoza, ishyiraho moderi z'imibare kandi igategura porogaramu zishingiye ku ihame ry'igiciro gito, ikubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kugenzurwa bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko wo gucukura (nk'ubwoko bwa bit, umuvuduko wa bit, umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka, imikorere y'ibyondo, n'ibintu bya hydraulic). Izi moderi zikoreshwa mu kunoza no guhuza ibikorwa, bigatuma imishinga yo gucukura igera ku bwiza bwo hejuru, umuvuduko wo hejuru, kandi ihendutse.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gukuramo Amavuta mu Giti Gisanzwe Rikoresheje Uduce two Gucukura Amavuta

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura imbaho ​​rikubiyemo gucukura amabuye (imbaho) uhereye ku ntera z’ibice by’amazi mu myobo hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gishushanyo, kugira ngo haboneke amakuru y’ibanze yo gushakisha no guteza imbere ibigega bya peteroli na gazi.

Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gucukura bigizwe ahanini n'ibikoresho byo gucukura diyama, utubati tw'ibanze, gufata inkingi, n'ibice bifatanye. Mu gihe cyo gucukura, igice gikomeza guca ibuye ryo hasi mu buryo bw'uruziga, bigatuma inkingi y'imbere y'uruziga icukurwa yinjira mu tubati tw'ibanze buri gihe.

Kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa byihariye ku miterere y’imitsi irekuye cyane kandi yacitsemo ibice, hari uburyo bwihariye bwo gufunga imitsi n’ibikoresho, birimo gufunga imitsi, gufunga imitsi igenzurwa n’umuvuduko, n’ibikoresho byo gufunga imitsi.

Umuntu wo kuvugana na we: Jessie Zhou

Telefoni igendanwa/Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861

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