Ubuvuzi bw'impanuka ku burobyi bw'imyanda yo mu mazi no gucukura imyanda yafatiriwe

1. Ibisigazwa by'imyanda biri mu mwobo wo hasi

1.1Ubwoko bw'aho amazi agwa

Dukurikije izina n'imiterere y'ibintu bigwa, ubwoko bw'ibintu bigwa mu kirombe ahanini ni: ibintu bigwa mu miyoboro, ibintu bigwa mu nkoni, ibintu bigwa mu migozi n'uduce duto tw'ibintu bigwa.

1.2．Pibintu bigwa

Mbere yo kuroba, amakuru y'ibanze ku bijyanye n'amavuta n'amazi. Hagomba kubanza gutozwa amakuru y'ibanze ku bijyanye n'amariba, ni ukuvuga ko amakuru ajyanye no gucukura no gukora amavuta agomba kumvikana neza, imiterere y'iriba, imiterere y'aho riherereye, ndetse niba hari ikintu cyaguye kare. Icya kabiri, menya impamvu y'ibintu bigwa, niba hari imihindagurikire y'amazi n'ubuso bw'umucanga butwikiriwe nyuma yo kugwa mu iriba. Gerageza kubara umutwaro ntarengwa ushobora kugerwaho mu gihe cyo kuroba, komeza indege n'icyobo cy'umugozi. Bigomba kandi kuzirikanwa ko nyuma yo gufata ibintu biguye, niba ikarita yo munsi y'ubutaka igomba kugira ingamba zo gukumira no guhuza.

Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kuroba: Ingofero zo kuroba, Taper taps, Spear, Slip Overshot n'ibindi.

Uburyo bwo kuroba:

⑴Gusura umwobo w'inyuguti kugira ngo UREBE aho ibintu bigwa biherereye n'imiterere yabyo.

⑵Ukurikije uko ibintu bigwa n'ingano y'umwanya wa Annular uri hagati y'ibintu bigwa n'igisenge, hitamo ibikoresho byo kuroba cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikoresho byo kuroba ubyikorere.

⑶Tegura igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako n'ingamba z'umutekano, kandi nyuma yo kwemezwa n'inzego zibishinzwe hakurikijwe inzira zo gutanga raporo, uburobyi bugomba gukorwa hakurikijwe igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako, kandi hashushanywe ibishushanyo mbonera by'ibikoresho byo mu mwobo.

⑷Imirimo yo kuroba igomba kuba itunganye.

⑸Sesengura ibintu byafishwe hanyuma wandike incamake.

1.3．Ribintu bigwa

Inyinshi muri izi ngero ni iz'ibiti, kandi hariho n'ibipimo by'uburemere n'ibipimo. Zimwe zaguye mu gisenge, izindi zaguye mu muyoboro w'amazi.

⑴Kuroba mu miyoboro y'amazi

Biroroshye cyane kuroba inkoni yavunitse mu muyoboro, nk'uko inkoni ishobora gukururwa iyo inkoni ikururwa mu mugozi cyangwa indobo yo kuroba, niba idakurobwa, ushobora no gukora igikorwa cyo kuroba.

⑵Kuroba mu gisanduku

Kuroba mu gasanduku biragoye cyane, kuko uburebure bw'agasanduku ni bunini, inkoni ni nto, icyuma ni gito, byoroshye gupfunyika, byoroshye gukurura, kandi imiterere y'aho amazi agwa ni igoye. Mu kuroba, ushobora kuroba ukoresheje agakoresho ko kuroba gashinzwe guterura inkweto cyangwa icyuma cyo kuroba kidafunguye. Iyo ikintu kigwa kigonze mu gasanduku, gishobora kurobwa ukoresheje urushyi rw'umuroba. Iyo imyanda ipfunyitse mu mwobo kandi idashobora kurobwa, irasya hakoreshejwe icyuma gisya amaboko cyangwa icyuma gisya inkweto, kandi imyanda irashakishwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gifata inkweto.

1.4．Kuroba uduce duto

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'uduce duto tugwa, nk'udupira tw'icyuma, imashini, utubuto, vis n'ibindi. Imyanda nk'iyo ni mito ariko iragoye cyane kuyigarura. Ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kuroba uduce duto ni igikoresho cyo kuroba gifite magnet, gufata, agasanduku k'uburobyi gakoresha amashanyarazi n'ibindi.

2. Ubuvuzi bw'impanuka zo gucukura imyanda

Hari impamvu nyinshi zo gucukura ibintu bifatiriye, bityo hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwo gucukura ibintu bifatiriye. Umucanga usanzwe ufatiriye, ishashi ifatiriye, ikintu gigwa gifatiriye, guhindagurika kw'igisenge gifatiriye, gukomera kwa sima bifatiriye n'ibindi.

2.1．Uburyo bwo kuvura umucanga wafashwe

Iyo igihe cyo gufata igikoresho kitari kirekire cyangwa umucanga utari ukomeye, umugozi w'umuyoboro ushobora kuzamurwa hejuru no hasi kugira ngo woroshye umucanga kandi ugabanye impanuka yo gucukura umucanga.

Mu kuvura amariba akomeye y’umucanga yafashwe, mbere na mbere, umutwaro wiyongera buhoro buhoro iyo umutwaro ugeze ku gaciro runaka, maze umutwaro ugahita umanurwa kandi ugakurwa vuba. Icya kabiri, nyuma y’igihe cy’ibikorwa byo kuzamuka no kumanuka, umugozi w’umuyoboro urakomezwa kugira ngo uhagarare, ku buryo umugozi w’umuyoboro uhagarikwa igihe runaka munsi y’igihe cyo kurambura, kugira ngo umuvuduko ukomeze gukwirakwira ku mugozi wo hasi. Ubwoko bwombi bushobora gukora, ariko buri gikorwa kigomba guhagarikwa iminota 5 kugeza kuri 10 mu gihe runaka kugira ngo umugozi udacika intege kandi ucike.

Uburyo bwo gufunga umucanga bushobora kandi kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kurekura umuyoboro w’amazi ukoresheje compression reverse circulation, kurekura imiyoboro yo kumesa, kurekura imbaraga zo guterura, kurekura jack, kurekura imiyoboro yo gusya ikoresheje reverse casing, n'ibindi.

2.2．Uburyo bwo kuvura ikintu gifata ku kintu kigwa

Kugwa kw'ikintu gifata bivuze ko amenyo y'inkongoro, amenyo anyerera, n'ibindi bikoresho bito bigwa mu mwobo bigafatirwa, bigatuma hafatwa icyuho cyo gucukura.

Guhangana n'ibintu bigwa bicukurwa byafatiriwe, ntugaterure cyane, kugira ngo wirinde gufatirwa, bigatera ingorane. Hari uburyo bubiri rusange bwo kuvura: Niba umugozi wafatiriwe ushobora guhindurwa, ushobora guterurwa buhoro buhoro no guhindurwa buhoro buhoro. Ibikoresho bigwa birashwanyaguzwa kugira ngo umugozi wo munsi y'ubutaka ucike; Niba uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru budakora neza, ikanya yo ku rukuta ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukosora igice cyo hejuru cy'ifi, hanyuma wongere urobe igitonyanga.

2.3．Kuraho agasanduku kari gafashe

Bitewe n’ingamba zo kongera umusaruro cyangwa izindi mpamvu, agasanduku karangirika cyangwa karangirika, kandi igikoresho cyo hasi kimanuka nabi hejuru y’aho cyangiritse, bigatuma hacukurwa imiyoboro. Mu gihe cyo gutunganya, inkingi y’umuyoboro iri hejuru y’aho yafatiwe igomba gukurwaho kandi agasanduku kagashyirwa hanze gusa nyuma yuko agasanduku gasanwe.