Ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura rijyanye n'icyerekezo ； Umuyoboro wo gucukura ； Ibice byo gucukura

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura rikoresheje icyerekezo ni uburyo bugezweho bwo gucukura bukoresha ibikoresho byihariye byo mu mwobo wo hasi hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ibipimo kugira ngo bwongere inzira yo gucukura mu nzira yateguwe mbere (itari ihagaze) kugera ku ntego. Ishingiro ry'ubucukuzi bw'icyerekezo riri mu kugenzura neza inzira yo gucukura. Ishingiro ryabwo rikubiyemo kuyobora igice cy'ubucukuzi kugeza aho bugenewe binyuze mu nzira yo 'gupima - gusuzuma - guhuza'. Ubu buryo burenga imbogamizi zo gucukura mu buryo busanzwe, byashoboraga gukomeza gusa ku murongo w'amazi, bigatuma 'ahantu nyaho no gucukura neza' umutungo kamere wo munsi y'ubutaka. Ni bumwe mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu nzego nko gushakisha no guteza imbere peteroli na gaze, ubwubatsi bw'ubutaka, no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gucukura rikoresha icyerekezo ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ingufu zigezweho no mu buhanga mu by'ubutaka. Iterambere ryaryo rigena ubushobozi n'ubushobozi bwo gukoresha umutungo kamere munsi y'ubutaka. Mu gihe kizaza, rizagira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'umutungo kamere mu nzego zimbitse, kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga, no gukoresha mu nzego zitandukanye.

Imiyoboro yo gucukuraBikora nk'ibice by'ingenzi by'imiyoboro y'amazi mu bikorwa byo gucukura (harimo gucukura mu cyerekezo, gucukura amariba ahagaze, nibindi), ingufu zo kohereza, gutwara amazi yo gucukura, no guhuza ibikoresho byo mu mwobo umanuka. Nk'ibintu by'ingenzi bigize umugozi wo gucukura (ugizwe n'imiyoboro yo gucukura, imigozi yo gucukura, uduce two gucukura, nibindi), bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza y'ubucukuzi, ubwiza bw'imiyoboro y'amazi, n'umutekano w'imikorere.

Inshingano y'ingenzi y'imiyoboro y'amazi ni uguhuza ibice byo hejuru n'ibyo hasi. Ihuzwa hejuru n'icyuma gicukura hejuru, ikakira imbaraga n'umuvuduko wo gucukura uturutse ku cyuma; imanuka kugira ngo ihuzwe n'ibikoresho byo hasi nk'imigozi n'uduce, yohereza imbaraga ku gice kugira ngo ibuye ryinjiremo. Muri icyo gihe, imiterere yayo y'ubuso ijyana amazi yo gucukura (icyondo) kugira ngo akonje igice, ishyire amavuta ku mugozi, kandi ijyane ibice bivuye mu mwobo w'amazi hejuru.

Imiyoboro y'amazi igizwe n'ibice bibiri: igice cy'umubiri n'ingingo. Ibi bihuzwa binyuze mu gusudira, bigasaba imbaraga nyinshi no kuzifunga neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yo gucukura ava cyangwa umuvuduko udashobora kugenzurwa.

Ibice by'imashini bigizwe n'uruvange rw'uduce tw'ingenzi dukorwa iyo agace k'imashini gasadutsemo amabuye yo munsi y'ubutaka mu gihe cyo gucukura. Bigaragaza umusaruro utaziguye w'ibikorwa byo gucukura kandi bikoreshwa nk'ingenzi mu gusuzuma imiterere y'ubutaka, kugenzura umutekano w'ibice by'amazi, no gucunga ibidukikije. Mu by'ukuri, ibice by'imashini ni 'ibisigazwa by'amabuye byacitse' bivanwaho icyarimwe n'ibikorwa byo gucukura. Ntabwo bigira amakuru y'ingenzi ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'ubutaka gusa, ahubwo imikorere yabyo n'imiterere yabyo bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mutekano n'ubukungu bw'ibikorwa byo gucukura.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bigize iyi mashini bigizwe n'amabuye yo mu bwoko bwa "sendstone", "lushstone", "limestone", "granite", n'ibindi, bishobora kuvangwa n'ibinyabutabire bike by'amazi yo gucukura (urugero: ibumba, polymers) n'imyanda y'icyuma (urugero: uduce twangiritse tw'uduce two gucukura, ibikoresho bya "corruption" by'imiyoboro yo gucukura). Gucukura si "imyanda" gusa ahubwo ni "ibintu bitwara amakuru" by'ingenzi n' "ibimenyetso by'imiterere y'imikorere" mu bikorwa byo gucukura.

Iyo ibicanwa bidasubijwe vuba bivuye mu mwobo bikagera hejuru, bishobora kwirundanya mu mwobo, bigatera ingaruka zikomeye z’umutekano. Kubera iyo mpamvu, 'gutwara no gukuramo' byabyo bigize imwe mu nshingano z’ingenzi z’ibicanwa byo gucukura. Ibiranga ibicanwa—nk'ingano y’uduce n’urwego rw’icikamo ibice—bishobora gutanga ubumenyi burambuye ku bijyanye n’ishingiro ry’ibipimo byo gucukura, bityo bigafasha mu kunoza imikorere. Iyo bigejejwe hejuru hamwe n’ibicanwa byo gucukura, ibicanwa binyura mu byiciro bitatu by’ingenzi: gutandukanya, gusesengura, no gutatanya, bigatuma habaho uruziga rwuzuye rwo gutunganya.

Umuntu wo kuvugana na we: Jessie Zhou

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