Ikoranabuhanga ryo kuroba hakoreshejwe imiyoboro yangiritse

Ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura imiterere y'amazi mu gushora amashanyarazi rijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura uburyo amazi yinjira mu gice cyo hejuru cy'amazi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mekanike cyangwa ubwa chimique, kongera uburyo amazi yinjira mu gice cyo hasi cy'amazi ashyirwa mu mazi hakurikijwe uburyo ashyirwamo, bigatuma amazi agenda neza kandi anongera ingano y'amavuta ashyirwa mu gice cyo hejuru cy'amazi.

Hari uburyo bwa mekanike n'uburyo bwa chimique bwo kugenzura imiterere y'amazi mu byuma bitera inshinge. Uburyo bwa mekanike bwo kugenzura imiterere y'amazi ni uguhindura ingano y'amazi aterwa muri buri cyiciro binyuze mu gutera amazi mu buryo butandukanye, kugira ngo hagerwe ku ntego yo guhindura imiterere y'amazi akoreshwa mu gukurura.

Mu gikorwa cyo gukora ibigega bya peteroli na gaze, imiyoboro yo munsi y’ubutaka irangirika kandi igasenyuka bitewe n’ibintu byangiza nka hydrogen sulfide, dioxyde de carbone ndetse no gukora amazi y’ubutaka bwa gaze igihe kirekire, bigatuma inkuta z’imiyoboro zigabanuka, zigatoboka ndetse zikanacika.

1. 1.KwangirikaIbiranga ikiraro cy'amazi yo mu mwobo

(1) Igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'irema ni gito, inyinshi muri zo ziri hagati ya 0.5 na 0.7, izindi zikaba nkeya, bityo ntibishoboka kwemeza ko habaho imikorere ikwirakwira mu kirere, ibyo bikaba bitera ingorane zikomeye mu gusya, gusya no gucukura.

(2) Igipimo cy'ingese mu miyoboro y'amazi ni kinini, muri rusange kigera kuri 30% kugeza kuri 60% (igice cy'uburemere), kandi urukuta rw'imiyoboro rwangiritse imbere n'inyuma.

(3) Ingufu z'inkingi y'umuyoboro ni nkeya, umuvuduko woroshye "kugabanuka", kandi hejuru y'ifi akenshi harahinduka, bityo icapiro ry'insinga ntirigira akamaro;

(4) Biragoye gukora umukandara imbere n'inyuma.

2. Ihame ryo kuroba imiyoboro yangiritse

Uretse amahame asanzwe yo kuroba, kuroba hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ya corruption bigomba gukurikiza amahame akurikira:

（1） Imiterere y’ubutaka irasobanutse, ibikoresho byo kuroba bitoranywa neza, kandi ubusugire bw’ifi hejuru y’ubutaka n’amafi yo munsi y’ubutaka bugumaho uko bishoboka kose;

（2）Umutekano wo kugenzura amariba ugomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo kuroba.

（3） Ibikorwa byo kuroba ntibishobora kugora ibintu byo munsi y’ubutaka, ingamba iyo ari yo yose igomba kugira uburyo bwo kubigeraho, ntibishobora kuroba mu buryo butunguranye;

（4） Ntibishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umwimerere bwo gukora;

（5） Ntabwo ashobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gusya byoroshye, ariko ntashobora gukoresha uburyo bwo gusya inkweto byoroshye, kugira ngo yirinde ko ibintu bigoye kurushaho;

（6） Kurinda kwangirika kw'agasanduku.

3. Ingamba zo kuroba mu miyoboro yangiritse

(1) Gushwanyagurika kw'imiyoboro y'amazi nabyo bitera kwangirika kw'imiyoboro y'amazi, bityo ni ngombwa kumenya no gusuzuma ubwiza bw'imiyoboro y'amazi, no kugerageza kwirinda kwangirika kw'imiyoboro y'amazi n'imiyoboro y'amazi.

(2) Ntukihutire, tegura kandi ubishyire mu bikorwa mu buryo burambuye. Imiyoboro yangiritse iratandukanye cyane n'imiyoboro isanzwe yo kuroba no kuroba imiyoboro yo gucukura. Imiyoboro yo kuroba ntishobora kurokorwa kimwe no kuroba imiyoboro yo gucukura. Iyo kuroba ku ngufu cyane byakoreshejwe, imiyoboro yo kuroba ishobora gufatwa hanze y'aho ifungirwa. Kubwibyo, iyo guhitamo ibikoresho bidashoboka, bishobora guteza ingorane nyinshi munsi y'ubutaka, bikazana ingorane zitabarika ku kuroba nyuma. Guhitamo ibikoresho bya mbere ni byiza kudatekereza ku bikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo gucukura, gusya no gusya, kuko birababaza kandi bishobora kwangiza amafi n'aho ifungirwa, bigatera ingorane nyinshi.

(3) Ibikoresho bigomba kuba byizewe kandi bifite ishingiro. Sisitemu ya feri y'imashini ikora ni nziza kandi yizewe, kandi ikoreshwa ry'impeta yo guterura na ascenseur bihambiriwe neza, kandi ubwiza bw'umugozi buragenzurwa. Imashini, turntable n'umutwe w'amazi bigomba gufatwa neza. Umuyoboro wa Kelly ugomba kugororwa, nyuma yo kuwukoresha ntushobora kugorama ku nkengero z'ubutaka bwo gucukura; Ikimenyetso cy'uburemere ni cyiza, cyizewe kandi gikwiye. Ibikoresho bigomba gusuzumwa neza no gushyirwaho ikimenyetso (byaba byiza hamwe n'amafoto) nta kibazo cy'ubwiza. Pima witonze, ubare "kamere eshatu" (kamere imwe y'amafi, uruhande rumwe rw'amafi, uruhande rumwe rw'amafi menshi), hanyuma ushyireho ikimenyetso.

(4) Menya imiterere y'imbere n'iy'inyuma y'umuyoboro w'amavuta. Ihame ryo gushyira imbere kuroba rigomba gutangirira inyuma y'umuyoboro w'amavuta, kugenzura inyuma y'umuyoboro w'amavuta, kandi muri rusange ntukoreshe uburobyi bw'imbere (ku muyoboro w'amavuta wangiritse). Guhitamo ibikoresho bishobora kunozwa kugira ngo bibe byuzuyemo silinda yo kuroba, silinda yo kuroba y'amadirishya yimukanwa, silinda yo kuroba y'amadirishya n'ibindi bikoresho bitangiza amafi, umuvuduko woroshye no guhindukira buhoro mu gihe cyo kuroba, uburemere bw'ibice ntibugomba kuba burebure cyane.

(5) Uretse impamvu z'umutekano, ahanini ni isesengura ry'ubugenzuzi bwa tekiniki, kandi ibintu bimanuka bikanasohoka bigomba gusesenguranwa neza, kutondekwa, guhuzwa no gusanwa, kugira ngo hasesengurwe imiterere ishoboka y'ikirombe.

(6) Niba umuvuduko w'umutwe w'amafi ugomba kuba muto (muri 1t), uburebure bw'aho hantu ntibugomba kuba bunini cyane (munsi ya cm 10), hanyuma ibyuma bigomba kurobwa mu gihe kandi imiterere y'umutwe w'amafi igasesengurwa.

4. Ibikoresho byo kuroba hakoreshejwe imiyoboro yangiritse

1、Amakori yo mu bwoko bwa Die

Ingano nini y’umugozi w’ingore uroba uduce duto ishobora gushyirwa kuri 1:8, ikaba inshuro ebyiri y’umugozi usanzwe wo kuroba uduce duto, kandi uburebure bw’umugozi wo kuroba bwongerewe uko bikwiye, kandi intera yo kuroba ni nini cyane kuruta intera yo kuroba uduce duto tw’ingore dusanzwe. Urugero, uburebure bw’umugozi w’ingore wa MZ60 × 125 ku gisenge cya 177.8mm ni 520mm, intera ni 1:8, umurambararo ntarengwa ni 125mm, naho intera yo kuroba ni 60 ~ 125mm; Nyuma yo kuvunika kwa 73mm ku muyoboro w’ingufu, intera yo kuroba irakandamizwa kandi igahinduka, kandi umurambararo wayo muremure akenshi ni 90 ~ 105mm, kandi ntarengwa muri rusange ntabwo irenga 115mm. Mu gihe uroba, zunguruka hasi, yobora inkweto mu ifi igwa, ifi igwa mu bwoko bwinshi bw’ingore, hanyuma ukomeze kuzunguruka hasi kugira ngo urangize hejuru y’ifi ifata n’aho ifata.

Ubwoko bwinshi bwa Die Collars bukoreshwa mu kuroba imiyoboro yangiritse ifite ububobere bukomeye ku gice cyo hejuru cy'amafi ariko ifite imbaraga runaka, kandi bushobora no gukiza ibice byamenetse n'ibisigazwa by'imiyoboro kugira ngo busukure igice cyo hejuru cy'amafi, kandi bushobora no gukiza umuyoboro wose, ukoreshwa cyane kandi ukarinda igice cyo hejuru cy'amafi neza.

2. Uburobyi bwa Block Spears

Imbuto ya Block Spears igizwe n'umubiri w'ifi, agatambaro n'inkweto ziyobora. Igice cyo hejuru cy'umugozi ni umugozi w'imbere, ushobora guhuzwa na silinda ndende. Igice cy'imbere ni umwobo ufite "igice gito cyo hejuru" kandi uduce dutatu dufunguka mu buryo bungana mu gice cyo hagati. Agatambaro k'umugozi gashyirwa mu mwobo, igice cy'inyuma cy'umugozi gitunganywa n'amenyo y'imirasire, kandi igice cy'imbere cy'umugozi gifite umurongo w'amenyo y'imbere arambuye. Mu gihe cyo kuroba, inkweto zijyanwa mu ifi maze silinda yo kuroba iramanuka, igice cy'ifi gisunikwa hejuru ku mwobo, igice cy'ifi gica mu mwobo, silinda yo kuroba irazamurwa, kandi agatambaro k'umugozi kagenda ugereranije n'umugozi kugira ngo gafate amafi kandi agere ku kuroba.

Igice cy'uburobyi cya Block bishobora kuba umuyoboro w'amavuta cyangwa umuyoboro w'amavuta. Mu gihe cyo kuroba, umuyoboro wa mbere munsi y'ifi ushobora kunyura mu muyoboro kugira ngo urobe ukoresheje guterura umuyoboro; Bishobora kandi gutuma umuyoboro wirinda igice gikomeye cy'umuyoboro w'amavuta wangirika kandi ugafata igice cyuzuye kurushaho.

Block Spears ntishobora gusa kumenya uburyo bwo kuroba imiyoboro, ahubwo inamenya n'uburyo bwo kuroba inyuma iyo umuyoboro ufashe. Umuvuduko w'inyuma unyura mu menyo y'imirasire ari hejuru y'umuyoboro cyangwa mu menyo y'imbere y'umuyoboro, umuyoboro n'umuyoboro. Umuyoboro w'amazi unyura hejuru y'umuyoboro ukwiriye kuroba imiyoboro aho kwangirika kw'ingese atari gukomeye cyane, kandi uburyo bwo kuroba bufite intsinzi iri hejuru.

3. Gukoresha umwanya munini hamwe n'umwanya

Irengero ry’aho amafi agwa aherereye rikozwe mu gikoresho cyo gusya ibyuma cyangwa agasanduku k’ibisigazwa bifite uburebure bwa metero 8 kugeza kuri 10, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1-1. Igice cyo hasi cy’ingoma yo kuroba gikozwe mu bwoko bw’ikaramu n’inkweto ziyobora ubwoko bw’umunwa w’igitambaro, kandi umubiri wa silinda ufunguwe neza hakoreshejwe imirongo imwe cyangwa ibiri, ifite ubugari bwiza, yoroshye gufungura kugira ngo yorohereze kwinjira kw’amafi agwa, kandi byoroshye gusubiza aho amafi agwa aherereye mbere. Imbogo ikozwe mu idirishya rifunguye muri silinda, ifite mpandeshatu cyangwa trapezoidal, izunguruka, ifite imbaraga n’ubugari runaka.

Igishushanyo cya mbere cyo hejuru gifite igishushanyo mbonera cy'umwanya

Iyo ifi imaze guhura n’ifi igwa, inkweto y’igishuhe cyangwa inkweto y’ikaramu izafunguka mu buryo busanzwe ikamanuka hafi y’urukuta rw’aho ifungiye. Ifi igwa izinjira mu gice cy’umurobyi w’umurobyi inyuze mu nkweto y’umurobyi, ikande uburibwe bw’umurobyi, kandi icyarimwe, igafungura igice cyacitse, igakomeza kumanura umugozi w’umuyoboro w’umuyoboro w’umurobyi ikoresheje igitutu, maze ifi igwa igakomeza kwinjira mu gice cyo hejuru cy’umurobyi, izamure umugozi w’umurobyi, maze umugozi w’umurobyi ufate ku mwobo cyangwa winjire mu mwobo wangiritse. Cyangwa uyishyigikire ku ntambwe y’ijosi n’aho ihurira kugira ngo ubashe kuroba imiyoboro y’umuyoboro w’umurobyi.

Ingufu zo hejuru zifite umwanya zishobora gukiza umuyoboro w'amavuta wamenetse n'umuyoboro w'amavuta wo ku ruhande, kandi zishobora no gukiza umuyoboro w'amavuta wamenetse, imyanda n'ibindi bisigazwa, gusukura hejuru y'amafi, no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kurokora ubutaha.

4. Igikoresho cyo gusya no kuroba gikozwe mu buryo bwa "composite"

Igikoresho cyo guhuza gishobora kurangiza imirimo ihuriweho yo gusya no kuroba. Inkweto zo gusya zihuzwa n'ingoma yo gusya amadirishya, ingoma yo gusya insinga z'icyuma, ingoma yo gusya ikoresheje sliding block, cone y'ingore n'ibindi bikoresho byo kuroba, bishobora kurangiza imirimo yo gusya, gusana no kuroba amafi. Kugira ngo birinde igice cyo hejuru cy'amafi uko bishoboka kose, inkweto zo gusya zikoresha inkweto nini zo gusya imbere.

Ifi nini yo kuroba ni igikoresho cyiza cyo kwangiza agasanduku k'imiyoboro. Igizwe n'uruganda runini rw'imbere rufite umurambararo munini n'agasanduku kanini. Inkweto nini z'imbere zifite umurambararo munini imbere, byoroshye kwinjiza hejuru y'ifi, kandi ingano y'ifi ishongeshejwe ni nto; Ubwoko bwinshi bw'imigozi y'ingore ishongeshejwe, umurambararo munini w'imigozi yo kuroba ni munini, hanyuma vuba gato, igice cyo hejuru cy'ifi kijya mu gasanduku k'ingore nyuma gato yo gukora ku gice cy'uburobyi. Kubwibyo, ubwoko bwinshi bw'imigozi y'ingore ishongeshejwe bushobora kurinda igice cyo hejuru cy'ifi ku rugero runini, kandi bushobora no kurangiza igikorwa cyo kuroba.