Gushyira mu byiciro ibikomoka kuri peteroli na gaze byongera uburyo bwo gukora

Ikoranabuhanga rya peteroli na gaze ryongera umusaruro ni igipimo cya tekiniki cyo kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukora amariba ya peteroli (harimo n'amariba ya gaze) n'ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi mu mariba yo gutera amazi. Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa burimo kuvunika amazi no kuvura aside, hiyongereyeho guturika kw'imyobo, kuvura ibinyabutabire, nibindi.

1) Uburyo bwo gushwanyagurika hakoreshejwe hydraulic

Gutera amazi mu mazi bikubiyemo gutera amazi mu mazi mu mwobo afite ubukana bwinshi burenze ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi mu mwobo, bityo bikongera umuvuduko wo hasi no kuyatera. Iyo amazi mu mazi atera amazi mu mazi adashira, ayo mazi arushaho kwiyongera mu buryo bwimbitse. Ingano runaka ya propant (cyane cyane umucanga) igomba gushyirwa mu mazi mu mazi kugira ngo hirindwe ko imvune ifunga nyuma y’uko pompe ihagaze. Amavuni yuzuyemo propant ahindura uburyo amavuta na gaze binjira mu mazi, yongera ubuso bw’amazi, igabanya imbaraga zo gutemba, kandi ikuba kabiri umusaruro w’amazi mu mwobo. “Gaz ya Shale”, ikunzwe cyane mu nganda za peteroli ku isi vuba aha, yungukira mu iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga rya hydraulic fracturing!

2) Uburyo bwo kuvura aside mu gisenge cy'amavuta

Uburyo bwo kuvura aside mu biriba by'amavuta bugabanyijemo ibice bibiri: uburyo bwo kuvura aside hydrochloric mu miterere y'amabuye ya karubone n'uburyo bwo kuvura aside mu butaka mu miterere y'amabuye y'umucanga. Bizwi cyane nka aside.

►Gutunganya aside hydrochloric ku mabuye ya karubone: Amabuye ya karubone nka limestone na dolomite akorana na aside hydrochloric kugira ngo akore calcium chloride cyangwa magnesium chloride byoroshye gushonga mu mazi, ibyo byongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mabuye kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo gukora amariba ya peteroli. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bw'amabuye, aside hydrochloric ikorana vuba cyane n'amabuye, kandi menshi muri yo akoreshwa hafi y'amazi kandi ntashobora kwinjira mu gice cy'amavuta, bigatuma aside ihinduka.

►Gutunganya aside y'ubutaka mu ikorwa ry'amabuye y'umucanga: Ibice by'ingenzi by'amabuye y'umucanga ni quartz na feldspar. Sima ahanini ni silicates (nk'ibumba) na karubone, byombi bishongeshwa muri aside hydrofluoric. Ariko, nyuma y'uburyo aside hydrofluoric na karubone zikora, hazabaho imvura ya kalisiyumu fluoride, ibyo bikaba bidafasha mu gukora ibinogo bya peteroli na gaze. Muri rusange, amabuye y'umucanga atunganywa na aside hydrochloric 8-12% hamwe na aside hydrofluoric 2-4% ivanze na aside y'ubutaka kugira ngo hirindwe imvura ya kalisiyumu fluoride. Ingano ya aside hydrofluoric muri aside y'ubutaka ntigomba kuba nyinshi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe kwangiza imiterere y'amabuye y'umucanga no guteza impanuka mu gukora umucanga. Kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka mbi hagati ya iyoni za kalisiyumu na manyeziyumu mu ikorwa rya aside hydrofluoric n'izindi mpamvu, ikorwa rya aside hydrochloric mbere yo gutera aside y'ubutaka. Ingano yo gutunganya mbere igomba kuba nini kuruta ingano yo gutunganya aside y'ubutaka. Ikoranabuhanga rya aside y'ubutaka ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'umwimerere ryakozwe mu myaka ya vuba aha. Methyl formate na ammonium fluoride bikoreshwa mu gukora aside hydrofluoric, ikora mu gipimo cy'amavuta mu bushyuhe bwinshi mu myobo miremire kugira ngo yongere ingaruka zo gutunganya aside mu butaka. Bityo bikongera ubushobozi bwo gukora imyobo y'amavuta.