Gutondekanya peteroli na gaze byongera tekinike yumusaruro

Amavuta na gaze byongera ikoranabuhanga ryibicuruzwa nigipimo cya tekiniki yo kuzamura ubushobozi bwamariba ya peteroli (harimo amariba ya gaze) hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi kumariba yatewe. Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa burimo kuvunika hydraulic no kuvura aside, usibye guturika kumanuka, kuvura ibishishwa, nibindi.

1) Inzira yo kuvunika Hydraulic

Kumeneka Hydraulic bikubiyemo gutera inshinge nyinshi zivunika mu iriba ku bunini bunini burenze ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza, bityo bikongera umuvuduko w’umwobo wo hasi no kuvunika. Hamwe nogukomeza gutera inshinge zamazi, kuvunika kwaguka cyane muburyo bwo gukora. Umubare munini wa proppant (cyane cyane umucanga) ugomba gushyirwa mumazi yamenetse kugirango wirinde kuvunika nyuma pompe ihagaritswe. Ivunika ryuzuyemo impinduka zihindura uburyo bwo gutembera kwa peteroli na gaze muburyo bwo gukora, kongera ubuso bw’amazi, kugabanya umuvuduko w’amazi, no kongera umusaruro w’amavuta kabiri. “Shale gas”, izwi cyane mu nganda zikomoka kuri peteroli ku isi vuba aha, yunguka iterambere ryihuse ry’ikoranabuhanga rivunika hydraulic!

2) Amavuta yo kuvura aside irike

Amavuta yo kuvura aside irike igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: kuvura aside hydrochloric yo kuvura amabuye ya karubone no kuvura aside yubutaka kumusenyi. Bikunze kumenyekana nka acide.

Acide Hydrochloric acide ivura amabuye ya karubone: Urutare rwa karubone nka limestone na dolomite rwakira hamwe na aside hydrochloric kugirango habeho calcium chloride cyangwa magnesium chloride byoroshye gushonga mumazi, ibyo bikaba byongera ubushobozi bwokubyara amariba ya peteroli. . Mugihe cyubushyuhe bwimiterere, acide hydrochloric ifata vuba cyane namabuye, kandi ibyinshi muribi bikoreshwa hafi yuriba kandi ntibishobora kwinjira cyane mumavuta, bikagira ingaruka kuri aside.

TreatmentUbutaka bwa acide yubutaka bwumusenyi: Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize amabuye yumucanga ni quartz na feldspar. Isima ahanini ni silikate (nk'ibumba) na karubone, byombi bigashonga muri aside hydrofluoric. Ariko, nyuma yo kwitwara hagati ya acide hydrofluoric na karubone, imvura ya calcium fluoride izabaho, ibyo bikaba bidafasha kubyara amariba ya peteroli na gaze. Mubisanzwe, ibuye ryumucanga rivurwa na aside ya hydrochlorike 8-12% hiyongereyeho 2-4% aside hydrofluoric ivanze na aside yubutaka kugirango birinde kugwa kwa calcium fluoride. Ubwinshi bwa acide hydrofluoric muri acide yubutaka ntibigomba kuba hejuru cyane kugirango wirinde kwangiza imiterere yumusenyi no guteza impanuka zumucanga. Mu rwego rwo gukumira ingaruka mbi hagati ya calcium na magnesium ion mu mikorere na aside hydrofluoric nizindi mpamvu, ibibyimba bigomba kubanzirizwa na aside hydrochloric mbere yo gutera aside yubutaka. Urwego rwo kwitegura rugomba kuba runini kuruta urwego rwo kuvura aside. Ikoranabuhanga rya acide yubutaka bwa authigenic ryakozwe mumyaka yashize. Methyl formate na fluor ammonium bikoreshwa mugukora kugirango bibyare aside hydrofluoric, ikora imbere mumavuta yubushyuhe bwo hejuru mumariba maremare kugirango irusheho kuvura aside. Gutyo, kuzamura ubushobozi bwo gukora amariba ya peteroli.