1.Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kumanuka?
Imikorere ya Downhole nuburyo bwa tekiniki kugirango harebwe umusaruro usanzwe w’amavuta n’amazi mugikorwa cyo gushakisha no gutezimbere peteroli. Amavuta na gaze karemano yashyinguwe muri metero ibihumbi cyangwa ibihumbi nubutaka ni umutungo wubutaka. Ubutunzi bwa peteroli bucukurwa binyuze mu bitare byacukuwe mu mavuta yo munsi y'ubutaka ku butaka ku giciro kinini. Mubikorwa byigihe kirekire byo kubyara, amariba yamavuta namazi bikomeje kwibasirwa nigitemba cya peteroli na gaze, kuburyo amariba ya peteroli ahinduka igihe cyose, agasaza buhoro buhoro, kandi ubwoko butandukanye bwananiranye bukabaho, bikaviramo kunanirwa bisanzwe kubyara amariba n'amazi. Ndetse yarahagaritswe. Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe gukora ibikorwa byo kumanuka kumariba ya peteroli namazi afite ibibazo nibitagenda neza, kugirango bigarure umusaruro usanzwe wamavuta namazi. Ibikorwa byo kumanuka birimo ahanini kubungabunga amariba n’amazi, kuvugurura amariba n’amazi, kongera kubaka ikigega no gupima amavuta.
2. Imirimo yo kubungabunga
Mubikorwa byo kubyara amavuta no gutera amazi mumariba yamavuta namazi, kubera gushinga umucanga numunyu, gushyingura gushiraho, kuvoma umucanga pompe, gufata umunyu, cyangwa gushira ibishashara byibishashara, kwangirika kwa pompe, kunanirwa kubipakira, kuvoma, kuvoma amavuta Bitewe nimpamvu zitandukanye nko kumena inkoni, amariba yamazi namazi ntibishobora gukorwa mubisanzwe. Intego yo gufata neza amariba n’amazi ni ukugarura umusaruro usanzwe w’amavuta n’amazi binyuze mu bikorwa no kubaka.
Kubungabunga amariba n’amazi birimo: gutera inshinge zipima amazi, gusimbuza kashe, gupima umwirondoro wamazi; kugenzura amavuta ya pompe kugenzura, gusukura umucanga, kugenzura umucanga, gukuramo ibishashara, gucomeka amazi hamwe no kuvura impanuka zoroshye zo hasi hamwe nibindi bikorwa byo gukora.
Amavuta yo kugenzura neza
Iyo pompe yamavuta ikora muririba, yibasiwe numucanga, ibishashara, gaze, amazi nibitangazamakuru bimwe byangirika, byangiza ibice bya pompe, bigatuma pompe idakora, kandi iriba ryamavuta rizahagarika umusaruro. Kubwibyo, kugenzura pompe nuburyo bwingenzi bwo gukomeza imikorere myiza ya pompe no gukomeza umusaruro usanzwe wo kuvoma neza.
Ibikorwa byingenzi bigize pompe yo kugenzura neza ni ukuzamura no kumanura inkoni yonsa hamwe numuyoboro wamavuta. Umuvuduko wibigega ntabwo uri hejuru, kandi igikoresho cyo guswera kirashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo hasi. Ku mariba afite ibintu bigwa cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije wo hejuru, amazi meza cyangwa amazi meza arashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo kumanuka nyuma yiriba rihagaritswe, kandi hagomba kwirindwa kwica ibyondo.
Byakagombye kwitabwaho cyane cyane kubikorwa byo kugenzura pompe: kubara neza ubujyakuzimu bwa pompe, guhuza neza inkoni zogosha no kuvoma, hamwe no gukoresha inkoni zujuje ibyangombwa, kuvoma no kuvoma amariba maremare, nibindi, ningamba zingenzi zo kunoza imikorere ya pompe.
Gutera amazi ya peteroli
Gutera amazi ya peteroli nuburyo bwiza bwo gukomeza umuvuduko wamavuta, nigipimo cyiza cyo gukomeza umusaruro wigihe kirekire kandi mwinshi mumasoko ya peteroli, kongera umuvuduko wamavuta nigipimo cyanyuma cyo kugarura.
Nyuma yo kugena gahunda yo guteza imbere inshinge zamazi yumurima wa peteroli, kugirango haboneke amakuru afatika nkumuvuduko watewe inshinge nubunini bwa inshinge ya buri cyiciro, inshinge zigomba gutambuka mbere yo guterwa amazi.
Gutera ikigeragezo: mbere yuko iriba ryamavuta rishyirwa muburyo bwo guterwa amazi, inzira yo kugerageza no kubaka inshinge nshya cyangwa gutera iriba ryamavuta byitwa inshinge. By'umwihariko ku iriba ryo gutera amazi, ni ugukuraho agatsima k'ibyondo, imyanda, n'umwanda ku rukuta rw'iriba no hepfo y'iriba rishya cyangwa amavuta neza mbere yo gutera inshinge, no kumenya igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi y'iriba ryatewe n'amazi, ugashyiraho umusingi mwiza wo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gutera amazi. Gutera ibigeragezo bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu, aribyo kuvoma amazi, gutemba neza, gutera inshinge hamwe ningamba zikenewe zo gutera inshinge.
Guhagarika amazi
Mubikorwa byo guteza imbere peteroli, amazi ava murwego rwa peteroli azagira ingaruka zikomeye kumurimo wo guteza imbere peteroli, ndetse bigabanye igipimo cyanyuma cyo kugarura peteroli. Amavuta amaze kubyara amazi, banza umenye urwego rwamazi, hanyuma ukoreshe uburyo bwo guhagarika amazi kugirango ubifunge. Intego yo gucomeka amazi ni ukugenzura imigendekere yamazi murwego rutanga amazi no guhindura icyerekezo cyamazi mumazi yuzuza amazi, kunoza imikorere yumwuzure wamazi, no kugerageza gutuma umusaruro wamazi yikibuga cya peteroli ugabanuka cyangwa gutuza mugihe runaka, kugirango ukomeze kwiyongera k'umusaruro wa peteroli cyangwa umusaruro uhamye hamwe no kongera ingufu za peteroli.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo guhagarika amazi rishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: guhagarika amazi yimashini no guhagarika amazi yimiti. Gufunga amazi yimiti bikubiyemo guhagarika amazi yatoranijwe no guhagarika amazi adatoranijwe no guhindura imiterere yo kwinjiza amazi yamariba yatewe.
1.Gucomeka amazini ugukoresha abapakira hamwe nibikoresho bifasha kumanika kashe yo gusohoka mumazi neza. Ubu bwoko bwo guhagarika amazi nta guhitamo. Mugihe cyubwubatsi, umugozi wumuyoboro ugomba kuba ufite ibikoresho kugirango intebe yabapakira ikashe neza kandi ifatanye, kugirango intego yo guhagarika amazi igerweho. Ubu buryo bwo guhagarika amazi burashobora gufunga igice cyo hejuru kugirango bucukure igice cyo hasi, kashe kashe yo hepfo kugirango ucukure igice cyo hejuru, cyangwa ushireho urwego rwagati kugirango ucukure impande zombi hanyuma ushireho impande zombi kugirango ucukure igice cyo hagati.
2.Gucomeka amazini ugutera inshinge zogucomeka mumashanyarazi, hanyuma ugakoresha imiti yimiti icomeka cyangwa ibintu biterwa no guhindura imiti yimiti kugirango bibe bifunga imiyoboro y'amazi yo gushinga no kugabanya amazi yuzuye ya amavuta neza.
Amazi yatoranijwe ni ugukuramo polimeri ndende cyangwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidahinduka bigwa kandi bigakomera mugihe uhuye namazi. Gene ya hydrophilique muri polymer ifitanye isano na adsorption kumazi iyo ihuye namazi, ikaguka; igabanuka iyo ihuye namavuta, kandi nta ngaruka ya adsorption. Ibintu bidakoreshwa muburyo bwimvura no gukomera mugihe uhuye namazi birashobora guhagarika umuyoboro wamazi wamazi, kandi ntibishobora gutanga imvura cyangwa gukomera mugihe uhuye namavuta.
Guhagarika amazi bidatoranijwe ahanini bishingiye kubice byimitsi kugirango bahagarike imyenge. Ubu buryo bwo gucomeka amazi ntabwo bubuza umuyoboro wamazi gusa, ahubwo binahagarika umuyoboro wamavuta.
Kuvugurura amavuta neza
Mubikorwa byo kubyara amariba ya peteroli, akenshi biterwa nimpanuka zo kumanuka nizindi mpamvu, amariba yamavuta namazi ntashobora kubyazwa umusaruro mubisanzwe, cyane cyane nyuma yuko habaye ibintu byo kumanura no kugwa, umusaruro wamavuta namazi azagabanuka cyangwa ahagarare , kandi mu bihe bikomeye, amariba y'amavuta n'amazi azaseswa. Niyo mpamvu, ni ingamba zingenzi kugirango umusaruro usanzwe wumurima wa peteroli wirinde ko habaho impanuka zo kumanuka no guhangana nazo vuba. Ibintu nyamukuru bikubiye mu kuvugurura amariba y’amazi n’amazi harimo: gutunganya impanuka zo mu mwobo, gukiza ibintu bigoye kugwa, gusana ibikoresho, kuruhande, n'ibindi.
Kuvugurura amariba yamavuta namazi biragoye, biragoye, kandi bisaba tekiniki cyane. Byongeye kandi, hari impamvu nyinshi zitera impanuka zo hasi, kandi hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimpanuka zo hasi. Impanuka zikunze kumanuka zigabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu: impanuka za tekiniki, impanuka zo mu mwobo zaguye hamwe nimpanuka zaguye. Iyo uhanganye nacyo, birakenewe kumenya imiterere yimpanuka, kumenya icyateye impanuka, no gufata ingamba zijyanye na tekiniki kugirango uyikemure neza. Impanuka zose za tekiniki zibaho mugihe cyibikorwa, kandi zirashobora gukemurwa hakiri kare ukurikije icyateye impanuka mugihe cyubwubatsi. Impanuka zifata impanuka hamwe nimpanuka zigwa kumanuka nizo mpanuka nyamukuru zimanuka zigira ingaruka kumusaruro usanzwe wamavuta namazi. ACCIDENT. Numubare munini wimpanuka zisanzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-11-2023
Icyumba 703 Inyubako B, Centre ya Greenland, Hi-tekinoroji yiterambere rya Xi'an, Ubushinwa
86-13609153141
